Principles of Biology Module 3 (Chapters 12-17) Notes

This set of notes details everything in Chapters 12-17, or Module 3, of Biology 1020. Chapter 12 starts out with the cell cycle and critical aspects of cell division. The phases of the cell cycle, including mitosis, are explained with descriptions and diagrams. Chapter 13 continues with meiosis and sexual versus asexual reproduction. It also introduces chromosomes and genes and how they contribute to life. Chapter 14 goes deeper into genes and covers all of what Gregor Mendel discovered about genes and how we code for traits. It explains dominant versus recessive alleles, the law of segregation, and many other factors that contribute to the genetic diversity we see. It also explains many methods of inheritance and inheritance patterns, including how some mistakes can be made, which can lead to the inheritance of life-threatening diseases. Chapter 15 covers everything to do with chromosomes and the chromosomal basis of inheritance, including x-linkage and y-linkage and how certain traits are passed down. Chapter 16 covers the molecular basis of inheritance, which includes all things genes and DNA. There are several detailed diagrams that explain DNA and DNA replication, including all of the proteins involved in that process. Chapter 17 explains how genes translate to proteins and also includes diagrams of how polypeptides are made.