+ Versatility
3 features of + Efficiency
Surveys + Generalisability: Survey methods lend themselves
to probability sampling from large populations.
1 Voluntary participation
2 No harm to the participants
5 pillars of ethical conduct in research 3 Anonymity and confidentiality
4 No cheating of colleagues
++ Select a problem to research
++ Literature review
++ Formulate a hypothesis
5 STEPS IN THE RESEARCH PROCESS ++ Select a research design
++ Sampling, or selecting a sampling plan
++ Data processing and analysis
++ Compiling the report (report writing)
a The problem was not clearly defined.
b The researcher did not study what he or she was meant to study.
c The problem was too broad to be dealt with by only one person with limited time and resources.
12 COMMON MISTAKES d There was no clear definition of the research in the first part of the report.
e Instead of the problem and objective being stated and defined in the first chapter, these facets of the
report are distributed throughout the report, making it difficult to form a clear picture of the objective and
the problem.
f An unimportant problem has been studied; as a result, the entire report is worthless.
A/an ... is an empirical property that is
variable
capable of taking two or more values.
The abstract follows the table of contents on a new page. Most
researchers prefer to add the title, followed by the abstract. The abstract should summarise your entire paper - including your
main findings and the importance of your results.
Abstract a. puts your work into context and presents your conclusions
b. tells the reader what you did, without a detailed methodology
c. tells the reader what you found out but do not provide statistics
d. clearly states the implications of your findings
e. must not go beyond the maximum words asked for by the journal
f. does not include references
According to Bezuidenhout (2011), criminological
theory presents the reasons and ... provided by
criminologists and social scientists for the causes
explanations
and incidence of criminal or deviant behaviour.
(a) Have I been selective?
After summarising previous research, a
(b) Is the research up-to-date?
researcher should ask him/herself three
(c) Did I use direct quotes
questions about the summary of the literature: cautiously?
After you have identified a research (a) Is it feasible?
question/problem, ask yourself the (b) Is it of social importance?
following questions: (c) Is it scientifically relevant?
the construction of theories or models that allow for a
better understanding of criminal behaviour and that permit
AIM OF RESEARCH IN CRIMINOLOGY? the development of strategies intended to address the
problem of crime (Schmalleger, 1996:94).
3 features of + Efficiency
Surveys + Generalisability: Survey methods lend themselves
to probability sampling from large populations.
1 Voluntary participation
2 No harm to the participants
5 pillars of ethical conduct in research 3 Anonymity and confidentiality
4 No cheating of colleagues
++ Select a problem to research
++ Literature review
++ Formulate a hypothesis
5 STEPS IN THE RESEARCH PROCESS ++ Select a research design
++ Sampling, or selecting a sampling plan
++ Data processing and analysis
++ Compiling the report (report writing)
a The problem was not clearly defined.
b The researcher did not study what he or she was meant to study.
c The problem was too broad to be dealt with by only one person with limited time and resources.
12 COMMON MISTAKES d There was no clear definition of the research in the first part of the report.
e Instead of the problem and objective being stated and defined in the first chapter, these facets of the
report are distributed throughout the report, making it difficult to form a clear picture of the objective and
the problem.
f An unimportant problem has been studied; as a result, the entire report is worthless.
A/an ... is an empirical property that is
variable
capable of taking two or more values.
The abstract follows the table of contents on a new page. Most
researchers prefer to add the title, followed by the abstract. The abstract should summarise your entire paper - including your
main findings and the importance of your results.
Abstract a. puts your work into context and presents your conclusions
b. tells the reader what you did, without a detailed methodology
c. tells the reader what you found out but do not provide statistics
d. clearly states the implications of your findings
e. must not go beyond the maximum words asked for by the journal
f. does not include references
According to Bezuidenhout (2011), criminological
theory presents the reasons and ... provided by
criminologists and social scientists for the causes
explanations
and incidence of criminal or deviant behaviour.
(a) Have I been selective?
After summarising previous research, a
(b) Is the research up-to-date?
researcher should ask him/herself three
(c) Did I use direct quotes
questions about the summary of the literature: cautiously?
After you have identified a research (a) Is it feasible?
question/problem, ask yourself the (b) Is it of social importance?
following questions: (c) Is it scientifically relevant?
the construction of theories or models that allow for a
better understanding of criminal behaviour and that permit
AIM OF RESEARCH IN CRIMINOLOGY? the development of strategies intended to address the
problem of crime (Schmalleger, 1996:94).
