WGU785 BIOCHEMISTRY FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE 2023/2024

WGU785 BIOCHEMISTRY FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE 2023/2024 Describe the process of neurodegenerative protein aggregation. Correct answer- Alzheimer's is the most common neurodegenerative disease. The formation of aggregated amyloid-beta fibers is another characterisitc of Alzheimer's. However, neurodegeneration and memory loss can be detected before amyloid fibers accumulate in the brain. What are the molecules that help denatured proteins with folding? Correct answer- Molecular chaperones are protein helpers. They bind to the newly made polypeptide and enable proper folding. Proper protein folding is vital b/c proteins that do not fold properly can lead to a variety of diseases. Normally, the chaperones that help new proteins fold can also help misfolded proteins refold into the correct structure. Genetic mutations that substitute one amino acid for another can cause incorrect folding. What are the 4 levels of protein structure? Correct answer- 1. Primary-chain of amino acids. PEPTIDE bonds form a polypeptide chain. This is a covalent bond (very strong) and does not denature. 2. Secondary-alpha helix and beta sheet. HYDROGEN bonds that contain the carboxyl group and amino groups. Denatured by salt and pH change. 3. Tertiary-side chain interaction (R group). Changes are seen with high temp, salt, change in pH, and reducing agents. (ex: sickle cell, arthritis, hemophilia) 4. Quarternary-more than 1 polypeptide. Change seen with increased temp. (Ex: Hgb) Hydrogen bonds are formed from Correct answer- 2 polar amino acids. (Contains Oxygen and nitrogen-OH, NH, NH2. On exterior surface) What structure would be unaffected by complete denaturation of its multi-subunit? Correct answer- PRIMARY. Peptide bonds are strong and covalent. The primary structure is located at the backbone and does not denature. What is the simplest way to denature a protein? Correct answer- Heat it up. The tertiary structure is hydrophobic. The tertiary structure is a protein structure stabilized primarily by the hydrophobic effect. What is the secondary structure made up of? Correct answer- Alpha helixes and beta sheets