Test Bank - Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children (8th Edition)
, Test Bank - Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children (8th Edition)
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. What genetic process is likely responsible for the occurrence of asthma in only one of a pair of identical
twins?
a. Epigenetic modifications
b. Genomic imprinting
c. Transgenerational inheritance
d. Methylation
ANS: A
Epigenetic modifications can cause individuals with the same deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
sequences (such as identical twins) to have different disease profiles. Imprinting means that either the
copy of a gene inherited through the sperm or the copy inherited through the egg is inactivated and
remains in this inactive state in all of the somatic cells of the individual. The heritable transmission to
future generations of epigenetic modifications is called transgenerational inheritance. DNA
methylation occurs through the attachment of a methyl group to the carbon-5 position of a cytosine.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
2. Prader-Willi syndrome causes a chromosomal defect that is what?
a. Initiated by postnatal exposure to a virus
b. Inherited from the father
c. Related to maternal alcohol abuse
d. Transferred from mother to child
ANS: B
Prader-Willi syndrome can be caused by a 4 Mb deletion of chromosome 15q when inherited from the
father. This disorder is not caused by a virus, or related to maternal alcohol abuse. The same gene
deletion causes Angelman syndrome when inherited from the mother.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
3. What can a malfunction in DNA methylation lead to?
a. Hypothyroidism
b. Blindness
c. Cancer
d. Diabetes mellitus
ANS: C
Aberrant methylation can lead to silencing of tumor-suppressor genes in the development of cancer.
No research supports a connection between hypothyroidism, blindness, or diabetes mellitus to a
malfunctioning of DNA methylation.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
4. Which statement is true regarding the embryonic development of stem cells?
a. They are already differentiated.
b. They are referred to as housekeeping genes.
c. They already demonstrate DNA sequencing.
, Test Bank - Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children (8th Edition)
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. What genetic process is likely responsible for the occurrence of asthma in only one of a pair of identical
twins?
a. Epigenetic modifications
b. Genomic imprinting
c. Transgenerational inheritance
d. Methylation
ANS: A
Epigenetic modifications can cause individuals with the same deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
sequences (such as identical twins) to have different disease profiles. Imprinting means that either the
copy of a gene inherited through the sperm or the copy inherited through the egg is inactivated and
remains in this inactive state in all of the somatic cells of the individual. The heritable transmission to
future generations of epigenetic modifications is called transgenerational inheritance. DNA
methylation occurs through the attachment of a methyl group to the carbon-5 position of a cytosine.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
2. Prader-Willi syndrome causes a chromosomal defect that is what?
a. Initiated by postnatal exposure to a virus
b. Inherited from the father
c. Related to maternal alcohol abuse
d. Transferred from mother to child
ANS: B
Prader-Willi syndrome can be caused by a 4 Mb deletion of chromosome 15q when inherited from the
father. This disorder is not caused by a virus, or related to maternal alcohol abuse. The same gene
deletion causes Angelman syndrome when inherited from the mother.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
3. What can a malfunction in DNA methylation lead to?
a. Hypothyroidism
b. Blindness
c. Cancer
d. Diabetes mellitus
ANS: C
Aberrant methylation can lead to silencing of tumor-suppressor genes in the development of cancer.
No research supports a connection between hypothyroidism, blindness, or diabetes mellitus to a
malfunctioning of DNA methylation.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
4. Which statement is true regarding the embryonic development of stem cells?
a. They are already differentiated.
b. They are referred to as housekeeping genes.
c. They already demonstrate DNA sequencing.
