Chapter 07 Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing TEST BANK PATHOPHYSIOLOGY THE BIOLOGIC BASIS FOR DISEASE IN ADULTS AND CHILDREN

1. Which action is a purpose of the inflammatory process? a. To provide specific responses toward antigens b. To lyse cell membranes of microorganisms c. To prevent infection of the injured tissue d. To create immunity against subsequent tissue injury ANS: C If the epithelial barrier is damaged, then a highly efficient local and systemic response (inflammation) is mobilized to limit the extent of damage, to protect against infection, and to initiate the repair of damaged tissue. The response to a specific offending agent is the function of the adaptive immune response. Lysosomes lyse cell membranes. Immunity against a subsequent tissue injury occurs through the action of B cells and T cells. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering 2. How do surfactant proteins A through D provide innate resistance? a. Initiate the complement cascade. b. Promote phagocytosis. c. Secrete mucus. d. Synthesize lysosomes. ANS: B The lung produces and secretes a family of glycoproteins, collectins, which includes surfactant proteins A through D and mannose-binding lectin. Collectin binding facilitates macrophages to recognize the microorganism, enhancing macrophage attachment, phagocytosis, and killing. The complement cascade occurs during the inflammatory phase. These proteins do not secrete mucus of synthesize lysosomes. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering 3. Which secretion is a first line of defense against pathogen invasion that involves antibacterial and antifungal fatty acids, as well as lactic acid? a. Optic tears b. Oral saliva c. Sweat gland perspiration d. Sebaceous gland sebum ANS: D Sebaceous glands in the skin secrete sebum that is made up of antibacterial and antifungal fatty acids and lactic acid that provide the first-line barrier against pathogen invasion. Perspiration, tears, and saliva contain an enzyme (lysozyme) that attacks the cell walls of gram-positive bacteria. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering 4. Which bacterium grows in the intestines after prolonged antibiotic therapy? a. Lactobacillus b. Candida albicans c. Clostridium difficile d. Helicobacter pylori ANS: C Prolonged antibiotic treatment can alter the normal intestinal flora, decreasing its protective activity and leading to the overgrowth of other microorganisms, such as the bacterium C. difficile in the colon. C. albicans can overgrow in the vagina but does not usually cause intestinal issues. Lactobacillus and Helicobacter also do not produce intestinal overgrowth problems with antibiotic use. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering 5. What causes the edema that occurs during the inflammatory process? a. Vasodilation of blood vessels b. Increased capillary permeability c. Endothelial cell expansion d. Emigration of neutrophils