Chapter 09 Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation TEST BANK PATHOPHYSIOLOGY THE BIOLOGIC BASIS FOR DISEASE IN ADULTS AND CHILDREN

1. How is hypersensitivity best defined? a. A disturbance in the immunologic tolerance of self-antigens b. An immunologic reaction of one person to the tissue of another person c. An altered immunologic response to an antigen that results in disease d. An undetectable immune response in the presence of antigens ANS: C Hypersensitivity is an altered immunologic response to an antigen that results in disease or damage to the host. Autoimmunity is a disturbance in the immunologic tolerance of selfantigens. Alloimmunity is the immunologic reaction of one person to the tissue of another person. An immune deficiency of some type would cause undetectable immune response in the presence of antigens. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering 2. What is a hypersensitivity reaction that produces an allergic response called? a. Hemolytic shock b. Anaphylaxis c. Necrotizing vasculitis d. Systemic erythematosus ANS: B Examples of systemic anaphylaxis are allergic reactions to beestings, peanuts, and fish. Hemolytic shock would be a state in which erythrocytes are destroyed by complement-mediated lysis to the point of causing a state of shock. Necrotizing vasculitis is inflammation of blood vessel walls that limits perfusion. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic, multisystem, inflammatory disease and is one of the most common, complex, and serious of the autoimmune disorders. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering 3. The common hay fever allergy is expressed through a reaction that is mediated by which class of immunoglobulins? a. IgE b. IgG c. IgM d. T cells ANS: A Type I reactions are mediated by antigen-specific IgE and the products of tissue mast cells. The most common allergies (e.g., pollen allergies) are type I reactions. In addition, most type I reactions occur against environmental antigens and are therefore allergic. Hay fever allergy is not mediated by IgG, IgM, or T cells. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering 4. What are blood transfusion reactions an example of? a. Autoimmunity b. Alloimmunity c. Homoimmunity d. Hypersensitivity ANS: B Alloimmunity (also termed isoimmunity) occurs when the immune system of one individual produces an immunologic reaction against tissues of another individual. Autoimmunity is a disturbance in the immunologic tolerance of self-antigens. Homoimmunity refers to the resistance of a lysogenic bacterium that is carrying a phage to an infection by the same type of phage. Hypersensitivity is an altered immunologic response to an antigen that results in disease or damage to the host. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering 5. During an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction, which leukocyte is activated? a. Neutrophils b. Monocytes c. Eosinophils d. T lymphocytes