HESI_EXIT_RN_EXAM_COMPLETE_NEW_VERSION_AUTHENTIC_2020 Grade A+

1. A nurse observes a patient rising from a chair slowly by pushing on the chair arms. Which type of tension and contraction did the nurse observe? a. Eccentric tension and isotonic contraction b. Eccentric tension and isometric contraction c. Concentric tension and isotonic contraction d. Concentric tension and isometric contraction ANS: A This movement causes eccentric tension and isotonic contraction. Eccentric tension helps control the speed and direction of movement. For example, when using an overhead trapeze, the patient slowly lowers himself to the bed. The lowering is controlled when the antagonistic muscles lengthen. By pushing on the chair arms and rising eccentric tension and isotonic contraction occurred. In concentric tension, increased muscle contraction causes muscle shortening, resulting in movement such as when a patient uses an overhead trapeze to pull up in bed. Concentric and eccentric muscle actions are necessary for active movement and therefore are referred to as dynamic or isotonic contraction. Isometric contraction (static contraction) causes an increase in muscle tension or muscle work but no shortening or active movement of the muscle (e.g., instructing the patient to tighten and relax a muscle group, as in quadriceps set exercises or pelvic floor exercises). 2. A nurse notices that a patient has a structural curvature of the spine associated with vertebral rotation. Which condition will the nurse most likely find documented in the patient’s medical record? a. Scoliosis b. Arthritis c. Osteomalacia d. Osteogenesis ANS: A Scoliosis is a structural curvature of the spine associated with vertebral rotation. Osteogenesis imperfecta is an inherited disorder that makes bones porous, short, bowed, and deformed. Osteomalacia is an uncommon metabolic disease characterized by inadequate and delayed mineralization, resulting in compact and spongy bone. Arthritis is an inflammatory joint disease characterized by inflammation or destruction of the synovial membrane and articular cartilage and by systemic signs of inflammation. 3. A nurse is caring for a patient who has some immobility from noninflammatory joint degeneration. The nurse is teaching the patient about this process. Which information will the nurse include in the teaching session? a. This will affect synovial fluid. b. This will affect the body systemically. c. This involves mostly non–weight-bearing joints. d. This involves overgrowth of bone at the articular ends. ANS: D Joint degeneration, which can occur with inflammatory and noninflammatory disease, is marked by changes in articular cartilage combined with overgrowth of bone at the articular ends. Degenerative changes commonly affect weight- bearing joints. Synovial fluid is normal in noninflammatory diseases. Inflammatory joint disease (e.g., arthritis) is characterized by inflammation or destruction of the synovial membrane and articular cartilage and by systemic signs of inflammation. 4. The nurse is providing care to a patient who is bedridden. The nurse raises the height of the bed. What is the rationale for the nurse’s action? a. Narrows the nurse’s base of support. b. Allows the nurse to bring feet closer together. c. Prevents a shift in the nurse’s base of support. Shifts the nurse’s center of gravity farther away from the base of d. support. ANS: C Raising the height of the bed when performing a procedure prevents bending too far at the waist and shifting the base of support. Balance is maintained by