Chapter 12 Cancer Biology TEST BANK PATHOPHYSIOLOGY THE BIOLOGIC BASIS FOR DISEASE IN ADULTS AND CHILDREN

1. Which cancer originates from connective tissue? a. Osteogenic sarcoma b. Basal cell carcinoma c. Multiple myeloma d. Adenocarcinoma ANS: A Cancers arising from connective tissue usually have the suffix -sarcoma. Carcinomas arise in epithelial tissue. Myeloma arises in the bone marrow. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering 2. Carcinoma refers to abnormal cell proliferation originating from which tissue origin? a. Blood vessels b. Epithelial cells c. Connective tissue d. Glandular tissue ANS: B Only cancers arising from epithelial cells are called carcinomas. Connective tissue cancers are called sarcomas. Glandular tissue cancers are named adenocarcinomas. Malignant cancers can invade blood vessels. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering 3. Carcinoma in situ is characterized by which changes? a. Cells have broken through the local basement membrane. b. Cells have invaded immediate surrounding tissue. c. Cells remain localized in the glandular or squamous cells. d. Cellular and tissue alterations indicate dysplasia. ANS: C Carcinoma in situ (CIS) refers to preinvasive epithelial malignant tumors of glandular or squamous cell origin. These early stage cancers are localized to the epithelium and have not broken through the local basement membrane or invaded the surrounding tissue. Dysplasia refers to changes in mature cell structure. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering 4. Which term is used to describe a cell showing a loss of cellular differentiation? a. Dysplasia b. Hyperplasia c. Metaplasia d. Anaplasia ANS: D Anaplasia is defined as the loss of cellular differentiation, irregularities of the size and shape of the nucleus, and the loss of normal tissue structure. In clinical specimens, anaplasia is recognized by a loss of organization and a significant increase in nuclear size with evidence of ongoing proliferation. Dysplasia is the presence of an abnormal cell type within a tissue and often is called “precancerous.” Hyperplasia is an enlargement of an organ or tissue due to increased production of its cells, also often considered precancerous. Metaplasia is an abnormal change in the characteristics of a tissue. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering 5. What are tumor cell markers? a. Hormones, enzymes, antigens, and antibodies that are produced by cancer cells b. Receptor sites on tumor cells that can be identified and marked c. Cytokines that are produced against cancer cells d. Identification marks that are used in administering radiation therapy