NC EMT STATE PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS A LEVEL BASED

1. How many blood pressure measurements does it take to obtain a baseline value for a single patient? 3 4 2 1: 3 2. Your 42-year-old female patient is complaining of left arm numbness and back pain that began 10 minutes ago. She is embarrassed that she called 911, but states that "something just doesn't feel right." She has no medical history, takes no medications, and is allergic to penicillin. She is alert and oriented to person, place, time, and event. Based on this limited information, which of the following vital signs would be least helpful in determining your differential diagnosis? CBG(Capillary Blood Glucose) Pulse oximetry Stroke screen Electrocardiogram: CBG(Capillary Blood Glucose) 3. Your patient is a 2-year-old female who was chasing the family dog outside when she ran into the play structure. She struck her anterior body on a pole of the play structure and is complaining of severe abdominal pain. Which of the following is the correct order in which to perform your physical assessment of the patient? Head, neck, chest, back, extremities, abdomen Head, neck, chest, abdomen, back, extremities Head, neck, chest, back, extremities. Do not assess the abdomen due to pain. Abdomen, chest, head, neck, back, extremities: Head, neck, chest, back, extrem- ities, abdomen 4. You are attempting to gain a history from your 21-year-old male patient who is experiencing a severe asthma attack. He is able to speak in 1-2 word sentences, has diminished lung sounds, and an initial oxygen saturation of 90%. What is the best method of questioning this patient regarding his medical history? Direct questions Facilitation Clarification Open-ended questions: Direct questions 5. Which of the following is not a sign of severe respiratory distress in a pediatric patient? Wheezing Retractions Nasal flaring See-saw breathing: Wheezing 6. Which of the following pulse qualities is most worrisome? Thready Strong Bounding Irregular: Thready 7. Your patient has gone unresponsive, breathing 8/minute. You start deliver- ing breaths by BVM, but haven't attached 100% oxygen. What concentration of oxygen are you delivering to your patient? 21% 33% 24% 17%: 21% 8. In what situation would it be best to remove a motorcycle helmet after an accident? The airway is inaccessible, but the patient's breathing is stable The helmet is snugly fit around the patient's head allowing little to no move- ment Proper spinal immobilization can be performed with the helmet on Removal would cause further pain, but would not compromise spinal integri- ty: The airway is inaccessible, but the patient's breathing is stable 9. Why should care be taken not to give too large a volume of air to a patient while administering breaths during CPR? You may fill the stomach with air causing the victim to vomit Over-ventilation is very uncomfortable for the victim Over-ventilation can cause the lungs to expand to an unsafe size Too much oxygen can hinder the effectiveness of compressions: You may fill the stomach with air causing the victim to vomit 10. The process in which the hemoglobin molecules in circulating red blood cells picks up oxygen molecules and carbon dioxide is expelled from the lungs is called? Respiration Breathing Oxygenation Ventilation: Respiration 11. What happens to most of the oxygen that enters the bloodstream? It binds with hemoglobin on red blood cells It dissolves in plasma and is transported It gets transported as bicarbonate It remains in the dead space of the respiratory tree: It binds with hemoglobin on red blood cells 12. You're called to a private residence for a 72-year-old male who has an altered mental status. Vital signs are BP: 102/58, HR: 104, RR: 6/min, SpO2: 88%. What should be your first intervention? Place an appropriately sized NPA Place the patient in spinal precautions Check the patient's temperature Ventilate the patient with a BVM: Place an appropriately sized NPA (First things first. If you're going to ventilate the patient using a BVM you need to first place an appropriately sized OPA or NPA or both.) 13. Your patient has been pulled from a fire. She has decreased tidal volume. Decreased tidal volume can be evident by? Shallow respirations Coughing Decreased respiration rate Deep respirations: Shallow respirations 14. A lower airway obstruction occurs in what anatomical structure(s)? Bronchioles Trachea Hypopharynx Oropharynx: Bronchioles 15. What should your first action be when treating a conscious 40-year-old male with rapid respirations? Apply 100% oxygen Two slow breaths via BVM Assess the regularity and quality of breathing Insert an airway adjunct: Apply 100% oxygen 16. You arrive on scene at the local high school football practice, where a 16-year-old male has gone unconscious. His friend states that he uses an inhaler normally, but the patient had told him that it ran out of medication. You know that this patient suffers from? Bronchoconstriction Emphysema Tracheal Deviation Bronchodilation: Bronchoconstriction 17. When a person hyperventilates, their minute volume? Decreases, due to decreased air volume reaching the alveoli Increases, due to increased air volume reaching the trachea and bronchi Increases, due to increased air volume reaching the alveoli Decreases, due to decreased air volume reaching the trachea and bronchi: - Decreases, due to decreased air volume reaching the alveoli 18. Which of the following is not an anatomically correct difference between adult and pediatric patients? The trachea is more flexible in adults