Psychology Studies | From Inquiry to Understanding: chapter 9 | Graded Review Questions

Psychology Studies | From Inquiry to Understanding: chapter 9 | Graded Review Questions Psychology Studies | From Inquiry to Understanding: chapter 9 | Graded Review Questions Psychology Studies | From Inquiry to Understanding: chapter 9 | Graded Review Questions Sensory capacity theory - Answer -Theory by Galton hypothesizing that intelligence is the by-product of sensory capacity: people with superior sensory capacities should acquire more knowledge than other people. (Theory was falsified by e.g. Helen Keller) Intelligence test - Answer -Binet and Simon designed a test to distinguish students whom teachers perceived as plodding learners from other students. ... = a diagnostic tool designed to measure overall thinking ability. Intelligence - Answer -a concept without clear-cut definitions, that is meant to be smartness, but in the end is whatever its tests measure. (Kind of reification) Higher mental processes - Answer -should be used in the intelligence test to answer the questions. ... = processes including reasoning, understanding, and judgement. Abstract thinking - Answer -the capacity to understand hypothetical concepts. Intelligence - Answer -... consists of the abilities to: 1) reason abstractly; 2) adapt to novel environmental circumstances; 3) acquire knowledge; 4) benefit from experience. Fluid intelligence - Answer -capacity to learn new ways of solving problems Crystallized intelligence - Answer -accumulated knowledge of the world acquired over time Specific abilities - Answer -(s) particular ability level in a narrow domain General intelligence - Answer - (g) hypothetical factor that accounts for overall differences in intellect among people. (General smarts) Multiple intelligences - Answer - (Gardner) idea that people vary in their ability levels across different domains of intellectual skill. Linguistic, logico-mathematical, spatial, musical, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, naturalistic, existential - Answer -9 types of intelligences (Gardner, multiple intelligences) Triarchic model - Answer -model of intelligence proposed by Sternberg positing 3 types of intelligence: analytical, practical, and creative. Analytical intelligence - Answer -(Sternberg; triarchic model) the ability to reason logically; Book Smarts. Practical intelligence - Answer - (Sternberg; triarchic model) the ability to solve real-world problems, especially those involving other people; tacit/street smarts Creative intelligence - Answer - (Sternberg; triarchic model) the ability to come up with novel and effective answers to questions; creativity. Brain size, IQ - Answer -... is positively correlated with ...; But only .2 - .4 & Einstein's brain weighed slightly less than average. Reaction-time - Answer -an apparatus to study the relation between intelligence and speed of response. (People with higher intelligence reacted more quickly than others.)