Chapter 9 In Social Psychology | Approved study guide | Questions and Answers (Graded Version)

Chapter 9 In Social Psychology | Approved study guide | Questions and Answers (Graded Version) Chapter 9 In Social Psychology | Approved study guide | Questions and Answers (Graded Version) Chapter 9 In Social Psychology | Approved study guide | Questions and Answers (Graded Version) Define philosophy. - Answer -"love of wisdom." Greeks increasingly used philosophy to mean the rational examination of the entire spectrum of human knowledge and not just the narrower fields of inquiry, such as the rules of logic, to which it is conventionally limited today. What are the three periods of Greek philosophy? - Answer -pre-Socratic period, Classical age, Hellenistic era What was the greatest contribution of the pre-Socratics? - Answer -The concept of law in the universe. They sought answers outside the realm of religion and magic. What is natural law? - Answer -a set of phenomena in nature that, when properly understood, explains why certain things occur. Who are two pre-Socratic philosophers? - Answer -Anaximander and Hippocrates Who was Anaximander? - Answer -the father of the theory of natural evolution of species. He thought that the physical universe had no limits. He conceived of it as boundless and constantly expanding. Who was Hippocrates? - Answer -a founder of scientific medicine, but curing people was only incidental to his intellectual interests. He believed in the importance of firsthand observation of natural phenomena; thus he was the first of the empiricist school of medicine. What two things did Socrates focus on? - Answer -epistemological and ethical questions What does epistemological mean? - Answer -Truth-establishing What is the essence of the Socratic method? - Answer -Systematic questioning ("How do I know?" rather than "What is to be known?" What happened to Socrates? - Answer -Socrates was accused of poisoning the minds of the youth of Athens. He was brought to trial and found guilty. He was forced to drink poisonous hemlock. What problem did Plato try to solve? - Answer -how the mind can experience and recognize Truth and ultimate reality. What are the names of Plato's two main works and what topics did they address? - Answer -An analysis of politics as it should be (Republic) and as it existed (Laws). Why was Plato anti-democracy? - Answer -During Plato's lifetime, Greece was in constant turmoil, which probable predisposed him toward views that were notably anti democratic. Name five strengths of Aristotle. - Answer -Politics, physics, metaphysics, math, and astronomy. What was Aristotle's nickname? - Answer -The Master According to Greek philosophy, what were the two ways that humans could grasp and understand the cosmos? - Answer -Greek philosophy was marked at all times by the strong sense that humans were quite capable of understanding the cosmos and all that lived within it by use of reason and careful observation.