What Is Research?
• A scientific process where new facts, ideas and theories are established
and/or proved in different areas of knowledge.
• Careful or diligent search
• Studious inquiry or examination; especially : investigation or
experimentation aimed at the discovery and interpretation of facts,
revision of accepted theories or laws in the light of new facts, or
practical application of such new or revised theories or laws
• The collecting of information about a particular subject
• A combination of investigation of past work and effort in the present
that will help others in the future”
• Finding or developing something new that changes the world….
, Definitions of Research
• The main goal of research is the gathering and interpreting of information to answer
questions (Hyllegard, Mood, and Morrow, 1996).
• Research is a systematic attempt to provide answers to questions (Tuckman, 1999).
• Research may be defined as the systematic and objective analysis and recording of controlled
observations that may lead to the development of generalizations, principles, or theories,
resulting in prediction and possible control of events (Best and Kahn, 1998).
• Research is a systematic way of asking questions, a systematic method of inquiry (Drew,
Hardman, and Hart, 1996).
• Research is a systematic activity directed towards discovery and the development of an
organised body of knowledge.(John Best)
• Research is a systematic, formal, rigorous and precise process employed to gain solutions to
problems or to discover and interpret new facts and relationships.(Waltz and Bausell)
• Research comprises defining and redefining problems, formulating hypothesis or suggested
solutions, collecting, organizing and evaluating data, making deductions and reaching
conclusions to determine they fit the formulating hypothesis.(Clifford Woody)
,Difference between ‘Methods’ and ‘Methodology’
Method Methodology
Techniques for gathering The underlying theory and
evidence analysis of how research does
should proceed, is often
influenced by discipline.
The various ways of It is the theory that decides
proceeding in gathering what can be observed.
information
, CHARACTERISTCS OF RESEARCH
(What is good research?)
(Essential criteria of a good research)
Research purpose should be clearly defined.
It is directed towards solution of a problem.
Based on observable experience- Empirical evidence.
Develops generalizations/principles/theories
Retains objectivity and verifiability
Determines relation between two or more variables.
Findings should be presented unambiguously.
High ethical standards applied.
Research design thoroughly planned.
Conclusions should be justified.
• A scientific process where new facts, ideas and theories are established
and/or proved in different areas of knowledge.
• Careful or diligent search
• Studious inquiry or examination; especially : investigation or
experimentation aimed at the discovery and interpretation of facts,
revision of accepted theories or laws in the light of new facts, or
practical application of such new or revised theories or laws
• The collecting of information about a particular subject
• A combination of investigation of past work and effort in the present
that will help others in the future”
• Finding or developing something new that changes the world….
, Definitions of Research
• The main goal of research is the gathering and interpreting of information to answer
questions (Hyllegard, Mood, and Morrow, 1996).
• Research is a systematic attempt to provide answers to questions (Tuckman, 1999).
• Research may be defined as the systematic and objective analysis and recording of controlled
observations that may lead to the development of generalizations, principles, or theories,
resulting in prediction and possible control of events (Best and Kahn, 1998).
• Research is a systematic way of asking questions, a systematic method of inquiry (Drew,
Hardman, and Hart, 1996).
• Research is a systematic activity directed towards discovery and the development of an
organised body of knowledge.(John Best)
• Research is a systematic, formal, rigorous and precise process employed to gain solutions to
problems or to discover and interpret new facts and relationships.(Waltz and Bausell)
• Research comprises defining and redefining problems, formulating hypothesis or suggested
solutions, collecting, organizing and evaluating data, making deductions and reaching
conclusions to determine they fit the formulating hypothesis.(Clifford Woody)
,Difference between ‘Methods’ and ‘Methodology’
Method Methodology
Techniques for gathering The underlying theory and
evidence analysis of how research does
should proceed, is often
influenced by discipline.
The various ways of It is the theory that decides
proceeding in gathering what can be observed.
information
, CHARACTERISTCS OF RESEARCH
(What is good research?)
(Essential criteria of a good research)
Research purpose should be clearly defined.
It is directed towards solution of a problem.
Based on observable experience- Empirical evidence.
Develops generalizations/principles/theories
Retains objectivity and verifiability
Determines relation between two or more variables.
Findings should be presented unambiguously.
High ethical standards applied.
Research design thoroughly planned.
Conclusions should be justified.
