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Samenvatting Diabetes mellitus deel 2

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samenvatting college diabetes mellitus type 2

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Diabetes deel 2
De pancreas – onderdeel van de spijsvertering
- De endocriene cellen zijn georganiseerd in de eilandjes van Langerhans
- De cellen hiervan geven insuline en glucagon af
o Insuline wordt geproduceerd door bètacellen
o Glucagon wordt geproduceerd door alfacellen
- De exocriene cellen geven enzymrijke verteringsvloeistof af

De werking van insuline en glucagon
- Insuline
o Verlaagt de bloedsuikerspiegel
o Vergroot opname, opslag en gebruik van glucose door doelcellen
o Doelcellen: lever-, spier- en vetcellen
- Glucagon
o Verhoogt de suikerspiegel
o Vergroot de afbraak van glycogeen en vorming van glucose
o Doelcellen: levercellen

Celstofwisseling




Glucose verbranding
- Katabolisme
- Afbraak van glucose
- Katabolisme van glucose is een manier om cellen van energie te voorzien
- Energie = adenosinetrifosfaat (ATP)
- ATP bevat energierijke verbindingen
- 1 glucose + 6 zuurstof -> 6 koolstofdioxide + 36 ATP

, Insuline
- Hormoon
- Bevordert de opname van glucose in het organisme
- Geproduceerd door de bèta-cellen van Langerhans
- Homeostase
- Verhoogde bloedglucosewaarden
- Opname door GLUT4 transporter (vet-, spier- en levercellen)

GLUT4




Glucagon
- Hormoon
- Endocriene pancreas
- Bevordert de afgifte van glucose in het bloed
- Geproduceerd door de alfacellen van Langerhans
- Glucosehuishouding
- Wanneer wordt glucagon afgegeven uit de endocriene pancreas?
o Verlaagde bloedsuikerspiegel
- Glycogeen wordt afgebroken tot glucose en glucose wordt afgegeven aan het bloed
Bloedglucosewaarden
Glykemie: normale glucose huishouding
o Glucose nuchter bloed: 4-6 mmol/L
o Glucose in urine negatief
Hyperglykemie: diabetes mellitus
- Glucose nuchter hoger dan 6 mmol/L
- Glucose is aantoonbaar in de urine
Hypoglykemie: te lage glucosewaarden in het bloed
- Glucose nuchter lager dan 4mmol/L

Diabetes
- Aandoening waarbij glucose huishouding verstoord is en waarbij hyperglykemie optreedt
- Diabetes is een gevolg van complexe interacties tussen erfelijke factoren, omgevingsfactoren
en leefstijl

Pathofysiologie
- Diabetes mellitus type 1
o Acute auto-immune diabetes in juveniles (<18 jaar)

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