Women's Health EOR Exam Topics 2023/ 355
Questions and Answers/ Verified/Graded A+
Leopold maneuvers - --1st: fetal part lying in the fundus and fetal presentation
-2nd: which direction fetal back is facing
-3rd: part of fetus at inlet and its mobility (engagement)
-4th: fetal attitude and degree of flexion of the fetal head
-what is a breast abscess - -area of infection with a walled-off collection of pus
*progression from mastitis
-MC organism causing breast abscesses - -S. aureus
-Tx for breast abscess - --I&D
-Abx: nafcillin/oxacillin IV or cefazolin + metronidazole
-MC benign breast tumor - -Fibroadenoma
-Fibroadenoma of breast description - --small, firm
-painless
-well-circumscribed
-freely mobile
-"rubbery"
-menstrual associated with fibroadenoma - -no changes
*does not wax and wane with menstruation
-fibroadenoma diagnostic tests - --diagnostic mammogram with US
-if indeterminant: FNA with pathology
*W<25 yo= bx
-Tx for fibrocystic breast disease - -once benign diagnosis established,
symptomatic relief:
-avoid trauma and wearing a bra with adequate support
-heat or ice
-reduce caffeine consumption by abstinence from coffee, tea, and chocolate
-NSAIDs
-combined OCPs
-tx for fibroadenoma - --expectant management
,-excision as needed
-painful breast masses that radiates to axillae and changes size during menstrual cycles
- -fibrocystic changes
-when does the pain associated with fibrocystic masses usually resolve - -usually
resolves with menses onset
*pain usually before
-fibrocystic breast disease description - --well-circumscribed
-discrete, relatively mobile
-increase in size and pain before menses
-galactorrhea - -the production of breast milk in a women who is not breastfeeding
*milky white discharge
-cause of galactorrhea - -most often due to prolactin-secreting pituitary adenoma
-Tx for Galactorrhea? - -Dopamine agonists: bromocriptine
-gynecomastia - -development of breast tissue in males
-drugs that can cause gynecomastia - --spironolactone
-anabolic steroids
-antiandrogens
-tx for gynecomastia - -wait and watch
-Klinefelter syndrome - -chromosomal disorder in which males have an extra X
chromosome: XXY
*tall, thin, long limbs
-Tx for hypogonadism - -danazol
-mastitis - -inflammation of the breast; most commonly occurs in women who are
breastfeeding
-Tx for mastitis - -dicloxacillin or cephalexin or erythromycin
-cervicitis - -an inflammation of the cervix that is usually caused by an infection
, --mucopurulent vaginal discharge
-gram - diplococci - -gonorrhea cervicitis
-tx for gonorrhea - -Ceftriaxone IM plus tx for chlamydia with azithromycin or
doxycycline PO
-chlamydia cervicitis will have what color discharge - -clear
-copious gray-white/yellow-green malodorous fishy, frothy discharge and strawberry
cervix - -Trichomonas
-Trichomoniasis treatment - -Metronidazole (Flagyl)
*single dose
-Dysplasia - -abnormal development or growth of cells, tissues, or organs
-dx tests for dysplasia - -ASC-US and reflex HPV test:
-if negative repeat in 12 months
-if + send for colposcopy
-High risk types of HPV - -16, 18, 31
-Pap smear interval: - -at age 21 and Q3 yrs after
-type of colposcopy done when outside cervix - --LEEP
-cryotherapy
-type of colposcopy done when inside cervix - -cone bx
- - --resect
-and/or chemo + radiation
-2 phases of menstrual cycle - -proliferative phase (follicular) and secretory phase
(luteal)
-follicular phase of menstrual cycle (day 0-14) - --GnRH secretion stimulates FSH and
LH secretion
-which promotes follicle development
-Estrogen is released, stimulating LH surge
-which causes ovulation
, -Luteal phase of menstrual cycle (days 15-28) - --post-ovulation, corpus luteum
secretes progesterone causing negative feedback to FSH and LH
-if no pregnancy, corpus albicans forms stopping secretion of estrogen and progesterone
-decreases in these hormones leads to endometrial sloughing, or menses
-First step in amenorrhea - -pregnancy test
-Primary amenorrhea - --failure of menses by 15 with normal growth and secondary
characteristics OR
-by 13 if no menses + absence of secondary characteristics
-evaluate what in primary amenorrhea - --Turner's
-hypothalamic-pituitary insufficiency
-androgen insensitivity
-imperforate hymen
-anorexia
-Mullerian agenesis
-Turner Syndrome - -chromosomal disorder in females in which either an X
chromosome is missing or part is deleted
*XO, webbed neck, broad chest, high FSH
-hypothalamic-pituitary insufficiency - --low FSH and LH
-androgen insensitivity - --XY
-high testosterone
-breast development only
-imperforate hymen - --hymen that completely closes the introitus
-cyclic pelvic pain
-Mullerian agenesis (Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome) - --lack of uterine
development
-fully developed secondary sexual characteristics (functional ovaries)
-secondary amenorrhea - --no menses for 3 months with previously normal
menstruation OR
-6 months with a hx of irregular cycles
-what labs to check with secondary amenorrhea - --beta hcg
-TSH
Questions and Answers/ Verified/Graded A+
Leopold maneuvers - --1st: fetal part lying in the fundus and fetal presentation
-2nd: which direction fetal back is facing
-3rd: part of fetus at inlet and its mobility (engagement)
-4th: fetal attitude and degree of flexion of the fetal head
-what is a breast abscess - -area of infection with a walled-off collection of pus
*progression from mastitis
-MC organism causing breast abscesses - -S. aureus
-Tx for breast abscess - --I&D
-Abx: nafcillin/oxacillin IV or cefazolin + metronidazole
-MC benign breast tumor - -Fibroadenoma
-Fibroadenoma of breast description - --small, firm
-painless
-well-circumscribed
-freely mobile
-"rubbery"
-menstrual associated with fibroadenoma - -no changes
*does not wax and wane with menstruation
-fibroadenoma diagnostic tests - --diagnostic mammogram with US
-if indeterminant: FNA with pathology
*W<25 yo= bx
-Tx for fibrocystic breast disease - -once benign diagnosis established,
symptomatic relief:
-avoid trauma and wearing a bra with adequate support
-heat or ice
-reduce caffeine consumption by abstinence from coffee, tea, and chocolate
-NSAIDs
-combined OCPs
-tx for fibroadenoma - --expectant management
,-excision as needed
-painful breast masses that radiates to axillae and changes size during menstrual cycles
- -fibrocystic changes
-when does the pain associated with fibrocystic masses usually resolve - -usually
resolves with menses onset
*pain usually before
-fibrocystic breast disease description - --well-circumscribed
-discrete, relatively mobile
-increase in size and pain before menses
-galactorrhea - -the production of breast milk in a women who is not breastfeeding
*milky white discharge
-cause of galactorrhea - -most often due to prolactin-secreting pituitary adenoma
-Tx for Galactorrhea? - -Dopamine agonists: bromocriptine
-gynecomastia - -development of breast tissue in males
-drugs that can cause gynecomastia - --spironolactone
-anabolic steroids
-antiandrogens
-tx for gynecomastia - -wait and watch
-Klinefelter syndrome - -chromosomal disorder in which males have an extra X
chromosome: XXY
*tall, thin, long limbs
-Tx for hypogonadism - -danazol
-mastitis - -inflammation of the breast; most commonly occurs in women who are
breastfeeding
-Tx for mastitis - -dicloxacillin or cephalexin or erythromycin
-cervicitis - -an inflammation of the cervix that is usually caused by an infection
, --mucopurulent vaginal discharge
-gram - diplococci - -gonorrhea cervicitis
-tx for gonorrhea - -Ceftriaxone IM plus tx for chlamydia with azithromycin or
doxycycline PO
-chlamydia cervicitis will have what color discharge - -clear
-copious gray-white/yellow-green malodorous fishy, frothy discharge and strawberry
cervix - -Trichomonas
-Trichomoniasis treatment - -Metronidazole (Flagyl)
*single dose
-Dysplasia - -abnormal development or growth of cells, tissues, or organs
-dx tests for dysplasia - -ASC-US and reflex HPV test:
-if negative repeat in 12 months
-if + send for colposcopy
-High risk types of HPV - -16, 18, 31
-Pap smear interval: - -at age 21 and Q3 yrs after
-type of colposcopy done when outside cervix - --LEEP
-cryotherapy
-type of colposcopy done when inside cervix - -cone bx
- - --resect
-and/or chemo + radiation
-2 phases of menstrual cycle - -proliferative phase (follicular) and secretory phase
(luteal)
-follicular phase of menstrual cycle (day 0-14) - --GnRH secretion stimulates FSH and
LH secretion
-which promotes follicle development
-Estrogen is released, stimulating LH surge
-which causes ovulation
, -Luteal phase of menstrual cycle (days 15-28) - --post-ovulation, corpus luteum
secretes progesterone causing negative feedback to FSH and LH
-if no pregnancy, corpus albicans forms stopping secretion of estrogen and progesterone
-decreases in these hormones leads to endometrial sloughing, or menses
-First step in amenorrhea - -pregnancy test
-Primary amenorrhea - --failure of menses by 15 with normal growth and secondary
characteristics OR
-by 13 if no menses + absence of secondary characteristics
-evaluate what in primary amenorrhea - --Turner's
-hypothalamic-pituitary insufficiency
-androgen insensitivity
-imperforate hymen
-anorexia
-Mullerian agenesis
-Turner Syndrome - -chromosomal disorder in females in which either an X
chromosome is missing or part is deleted
*XO, webbed neck, broad chest, high FSH
-hypothalamic-pituitary insufficiency - --low FSH and LH
-androgen insensitivity - --XY
-high testosterone
-breast development only
-imperforate hymen - --hymen that completely closes the introitus
-cyclic pelvic pain
-Mullerian agenesis (Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome) - --lack of uterine
development
-fully developed secondary sexual characteristics (functional ovaries)
-secondary amenorrhea - --no menses for 3 months with previously normal
menstruation OR
-6 months with a hx of irregular cycles
-what labs to check with secondary amenorrhea - --beta hcg
-TSH
