NUR 219 Final Exam 2023 Questions and Answers with
complete solution
What are the three layers of the skin?
epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous
the dermis is the foundation for the _________, __________, __________
epidermis, connective tissue, collagen
what does the subcutaneous tissue do?
it provides protection and insulation
what are the classifications of skin disorders?
infectious, inflammatory, and neoplastic
infectious skin disorders
bacterial, fungal, viral
inflammatory skin disorders
injury, exposure, contact dermatitis (nickel earring, necklace allergic reaction, perfume),
hormonal (acne), autoimmune (sunburn or burn from oven)
neoplastic skin disorders
melanoma, basal cell, squamous cell carcinoma (skin cancers)
what is streptococcus and staphylococcus?
bacteria that causes infection, mostly staph
folliculitits
infection of the hair follicle
what is the treatment for folliculitis?
topical ointments: mupirocin (bactroban) and gentamicin (expensive)
what is subcutaneous cellulitis?
acute, spreading, effect the subcutaneous structures, and it causes staph and strep
how is cellulitis treated?
oral antibiotic: cephalexin
has a short half life, adults 750 mg BID
what are the most common antibiotics for UTIs?
timethoprin and sulfamethoxole
what are common bacterial infections?
furuncles and carbuncles
what are furuncles?
boils: deep, firm, red, painful nodules 1-5 cm, tender into the dermis, no systemic
symptoms like fever or illness
what are carbuncles?
boils into the lower dermis, abscesses may develop, systemic symptoms like fever or
illness
what is the treatment for mild to moderate bacterial infection?
topical creams and ointment: mupirocin (bactroban) ointment, cream, 3 times a day for
3-10 days
what is the treatment for more severe infections: systemic/oral?
cephalexin (keflex): adult 250 mg QID for 7-20 days
amoxicilin: 875 mg/claculanate 125 mg BID (augmentin) adult
, what is tinea?
ringworm
what are common topical agents for anti fungals?
azole ending
what do you need to test for when giving oral itraconazole or terbinafine?
liver function test
if a patient has tinea, how are you going to treat it?
clotrimazole
what are viral infections?
herpes type 1 and 2, varacella (chickenpox)
what do you administer viral infections?
cyclovir ending
has a short half-life and is a lot cheaper
what drug to use for sunburns (inflammatory)?
benzocaine: numbs burning feeling
in puberty, the increase of androgens can lead an increase to what?
it can lead to an increase of sebum which can later cause acne
what does benzoyl peroxide do to acne?
it creates a keratolytic effect (drying/peeling), decreases sebum production, and is
bacteriostatic
What is the oral agent for acne?
accutane (isotretinoin)
what is accutane?
it's a vitamin A derivative, black box warning, category x, and birth defects.
Why do you put a patient on birth control when taking accutane?
birth defects can occur and it binds to free testosterone with acne
dermatitis inflammatory skin disorder types include
atopic or eczema, contact allergic, seborrheic, stasis
what can you use to treat dermatitis?
antihistamines: control itching and inflammation and topical glucocorticoids
what are the adverse effects of long-term glucocorticoids?
redness and irritation, hypo pigmentation, thinning of skin dosage must be carefully
monitored
what is psoriasis?
it's an autoimmune disease of cells being made and building up
Acute diffuse otitis externa
swimmer's ear, heat, humidity, loss of protective cerumen elevate pH of ear canal which
can lead to irritation
chronic otitis externa
repeated local irritation usually from drainage from chronic middle ear infection
necrotizing otitis externa
potentially life-threatening disease in elderly patients with diabetes and
immunocompromised patients
what are the symptoms of otitis externa?
itching, progressing to severe pain, erythematous, swollen, with white discharge
otitis externa prevention
complete solution
What are the three layers of the skin?
epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous
the dermis is the foundation for the _________, __________, __________
epidermis, connective tissue, collagen
what does the subcutaneous tissue do?
it provides protection and insulation
what are the classifications of skin disorders?
infectious, inflammatory, and neoplastic
infectious skin disorders
bacterial, fungal, viral
inflammatory skin disorders
injury, exposure, contact dermatitis (nickel earring, necklace allergic reaction, perfume),
hormonal (acne), autoimmune (sunburn or burn from oven)
neoplastic skin disorders
melanoma, basal cell, squamous cell carcinoma (skin cancers)
what is streptococcus and staphylococcus?
bacteria that causes infection, mostly staph
folliculitits
infection of the hair follicle
what is the treatment for folliculitis?
topical ointments: mupirocin (bactroban) and gentamicin (expensive)
what is subcutaneous cellulitis?
acute, spreading, effect the subcutaneous structures, and it causes staph and strep
how is cellulitis treated?
oral antibiotic: cephalexin
has a short half life, adults 750 mg BID
what are the most common antibiotics for UTIs?
timethoprin and sulfamethoxole
what are common bacterial infections?
furuncles and carbuncles
what are furuncles?
boils: deep, firm, red, painful nodules 1-5 cm, tender into the dermis, no systemic
symptoms like fever or illness
what are carbuncles?
boils into the lower dermis, abscesses may develop, systemic symptoms like fever or
illness
what is the treatment for mild to moderate bacterial infection?
topical creams and ointment: mupirocin (bactroban) ointment, cream, 3 times a day for
3-10 days
what is the treatment for more severe infections: systemic/oral?
cephalexin (keflex): adult 250 mg QID for 7-20 days
amoxicilin: 875 mg/claculanate 125 mg BID (augmentin) adult
, what is tinea?
ringworm
what are common topical agents for anti fungals?
azole ending
what do you need to test for when giving oral itraconazole or terbinafine?
liver function test
if a patient has tinea, how are you going to treat it?
clotrimazole
what are viral infections?
herpes type 1 and 2, varacella (chickenpox)
what do you administer viral infections?
cyclovir ending
has a short half-life and is a lot cheaper
what drug to use for sunburns (inflammatory)?
benzocaine: numbs burning feeling
in puberty, the increase of androgens can lead an increase to what?
it can lead to an increase of sebum which can later cause acne
what does benzoyl peroxide do to acne?
it creates a keratolytic effect (drying/peeling), decreases sebum production, and is
bacteriostatic
What is the oral agent for acne?
accutane (isotretinoin)
what is accutane?
it's a vitamin A derivative, black box warning, category x, and birth defects.
Why do you put a patient on birth control when taking accutane?
birth defects can occur and it binds to free testosterone with acne
dermatitis inflammatory skin disorder types include
atopic or eczema, contact allergic, seborrheic, stasis
what can you use to treat dermatitis?
antihistamines: control itching and inflammation and topical glucocorticoids
what are the adverse effects of long-term glucocorticoids?
redness and irritation, hypo pigmentation, thinning of skin dosage must be carefully
monitored
what is psoriasis?
it's an autoimmune disease of cells being made and building up
Acute diffuse otitis externa
swimmer's ear, heat, humidity, loss of protective cerumen elevate pH of ear canal which
can lead to irritation
chronic otitis externa
repeated local irritation usually from drainage from chronic middle ear infection
necrotizing otitis externa
potentially life-threatening disease in elderly patients with diabetes and
immunocompromised patients
what are the symptoms of otitis externa?
itching, progressing to severe pain, erythematous, swollen, with white discharge
otitis externa prevention
