Institutional Anatomy
Historic Overview
1951/1952: Treaty of Paris European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC)
1957/1958: Treaty of Rome European Economic Community (EEC) + Euratom
1966/1967: Merger Treaty Merging European Communities (ECSC + EEC + Euratom)
1986: Single European Act (SEA)
1992/1993: Treaty of Maastricht Single European Market (SEM) // EUROPEAN UNION //
1999: Treaty of Amsterdam Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) + Introduction Single Currency
2003: Treaty of Nice
2007/2009: Treaty of Lisbon Abolition of Pillar structure, EU gains legal personality, Co-decision
procedure for Council and EP
EU Pillar System
Pillar 1: European Communities (ECSC / EEC / Euratom) Abolished through Treaty of Lisbon; only
Euratom remained
Pillar 2: Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP)
Pillar 3: Justice and Home Affairs (JHA)
European Commission
Started as High Authority under ECSC (Community Method / Neo-Functionalism)
Both secretariat and executive
Consists of Directorates-General (DG’s) according to areas of policy activity and 27 Commissioners
President chosen by European Council through QMV under Treaty of Nice (President Barroso)
The Functions of the EU Commission are as follows:
Legislative Proposals
Implementation of legislation after decision-making by Council and EP (Co-Decision)
Monitoring of implementation by MS Comitology: Partnership National/European
Governance, Supervision of MS in implementation of legislation
Fining MS for Non-Compliance through the ECJ
Representative of the EU with third countries and in multilateral negotiations (CFSP
Catherine Ashton, External EU Relations)
Historic Overview
1951/1952: Treaty of Paris European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC)
1957/1958: Treaty of Rome European Economic Community (EEC) + Euratom
1966/1967: Merger Treaty Merging European Communities (ECSC + EEC + Euratom)
1986: Single European Act (SEA)
1992/1993: Treaty of Maastricht Single European Market (SEM) // EUROPEAN UNION //
1999: Treaty of Amsterdam Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) + Introduction Single Currency
2003: Treaty of Nice
2007/2009: Treaty of Lisbon Abolition of Pillar structure, EU gains legal personality, Co-decision
procedure for Council and EP
EU Pillar System
Pillar 1: European Communities (ECSC / EEC / Euratom) Abolished through Treaty of Lisbon; only
Euratom remained
Pillar 2: Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP)
Pillar 3: Justice and Home Affairs (JHA)
European Commission
Started as High Authority under ECSC (Community Method / Neo-Functionalism)
Both secretariat and executive
Consists of Directorates-General (DG’s) according to areas of policy activity and 27 Commissioners
President chosen by European Council through QMV under Treaty of Nice (President Barroso)
The Functions of the EU Commission are as follows:
Legislative Proposals
Implementation of legislation after decision-making by Council and EP (Co-Decision)
Monitoring of implementation by MS Comitology: Partnership National/European
Governance, Supervision of MS in implementation of legislation
Fining MS for Non-Compliance through the ECJ
Representative of the EU with third countries and in multilateral negotiations (CFSP
Catherine Ashton, External EU Relations)
