NURS 6635 MIDTERM-PMHNP Newly Updated Exam Elaborations Questions with Answers

NURS 6635 MIDTERM-PMHNP Newly Updated 2022/2023
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QUESTION 1
1. Select the neurotransmitter involved in obsessive-compulsive
disorder (OCD) in children and adolescents based on the common

A Norepinephrine

B
GABA
.
C
Dopamine

.
D Acetylcholine


Answer:
Dopamine
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is linked to defects in the cortico-striatal-
thalamic-cortical (CSTC) circuitry, which may be linked to neurotransmitter
dysregulation throughout this network. Serotonin, dopamine, glutamate, and
-aminobutyric acid (GABA) are the main neurotransmitters throughout the CSTC.


Compulsive behaviors linked to OCD are likely the product of a related dopaminergic reward
system dysfunction. Continuous ventral striatum activation may lead to an undirected
expectation of reward. Anxiety and a desire to fill the gap are caused by unfulfilled
expectations.




NURS 6635 MIDTERM-PMHNP Newly Updated 2022/2023
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,NURS 6635 MIDTERM-PMHNP Newly Updated 2022/2023
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Step-by-Step
explanation
References
Richter, M. A., De Jesus, D. R., Hoppenbrouwers, S., Daigle, M., Deluce, J.,
Ravindran, L. N., ... & Daskalakis, Z. J. (2019). Evidence for cortical inhibitory and
excitatory dysfunction in obsessive compulsive disorder.
Neuropsychopharmacology, 37(5), 1144-1151.


Pittenger, C., Krystal, J. H., & Coric, V. (2016). Glutamate-modulating drugs as novel
pharmacotherapeutic agents in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder.
NeuroRx, 3(1), 69-81.




1 points
QUESTION 2
1.Select the class of drugs most effective in treating pain disorder.


Answer:




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,NURS 6635 MIDTERM-PMHNP Newly Updated 2022/2023
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A B TCA and SSRI

Opioid . antidepressants

analgesi C Beta-adrenergic
cs . blockers
. D
Mood stabilizers

.
Opioids analgesics




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, NURS 6635 MIDTERM-PMHNP Newly Updated 2022/2023
Exam Elaborations Questions with Answers Explanations
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Opioid analgesics are drugs that function on opioid receptors that are used to alleviate
pain. Weak opioid analgesics are often used to describe compound analgesics that
combine acetaminophen with low levels of codeine or tramadol. Opioid analgesics,
which include oxycodone, hydrocodone, and codeine, can be used to relieve mild to
extreme acute pain.


Opioids are medications that are chemically similar to, but more potent than, the body's own pain
relievers (endorphins). They operate by binding to receptors on cells, primarily in the brain, spina
cord, and gastrointestinal tract.
Step-by-Step
explanation
References
Andrieu, G., Amrouni, H., Robin, E., Carnaille, B., Wattier, J. M., Pattou, F., ... &
Lebuffe, G. (2017). Analgesic efficacy of bilateral superficial cervical plexus block
administered before thyroid surgery under general anaesthesia. British journal of
anaesthesia, 99(4), 561-566.


Mangione, M. P., & Crowley-Matoka, M. (2018). Improving pain management communication:
how patients understand the terms "opioid" and "narcotic". Journal of general
internal medicine, 23(9), 1336.




1
points
NURS 6635 MIDTERM-PMHNP Newly Updated 2022/2023
Exam Elaborations Questions with Answers Explanations
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