NCSU BIO 181 - Test 1 Questions and answers, latest updates, VERIFIED.

NCSU BIO 181 - Test 1 Questions and answers, latest updates, VERIFIED. Evolution - -The changing of an entity over a period of time Darwin - -Developed ideas on natural selection and heritable traits Origin of species - -Darwin's book written about his findings on the Galapagous Galapagos Islands - -Key location of Darwin's studies of natural selection; off the west coast of South America Finches - -Key species in Darwin's studies of evolution Mutation - -A base pair or set of base pairs on a strand of DNA are changed; rare and random Natural selection - -A mechanism of evolution in traits that increase survival rate are favored and increase within a population Genetic drift - -Movement towards a specific allele or trait; can result in fixation; Can be random. Gene flow - -The movement of genes/alleles from one population to another Non-random mating - -Certain traits enhance an individuals attractiveness and ability to mate Stabilizing selection - -A type of natural selection; median traits are favored Directional selection - -A form of natural selection; one extreme version of a trait is favored Disruptive selection - -A form of natural selection; both extremes of a trait are favored. Balancing selection - -A form of natural selection; variation is favored Oscillating selection - -A form of natural selection; Different versions of the trait are favored at different times; occurs repetitively Sexual selection - -A form of natural selection; non-random mating influences the traits and genotypes present in a population. Heterozygote advantage - -A case in which individuals with a dominant and recessive allele have some kind of advantage; ex. sickle cell anemia and malaria. Intersexual selection - -Selection between sexes; female choice Intrasexual selection - -Direct competition between organisms of the same sex Sexual dimorphism - -Differences between male and female organisms in the same species Bottleneck effect - -A random event kills off a significant portion of a population leaving a small group of organisms re Founder effect - -A group of organisms move away from the main population; this results in a new gene pool and can introduce new variation Gene pool - -The collection of genes/alleles in a population. Population - -A group of a species living in the same ecosystem Speciation - -The development of a new species through adaptation and reproductive isolation Fossil record - -Collection of fossils for a species; can show the development from an ancient ancestor to a modern species when complete. Homologous Structures - -Some organisms share similar physiological traits; however, these structures posess different functions. Developmental homology - -Some species share similar physiological or growth features in early development. Biogeography - -The study of the geographic distribution of species/populations Convergent evolution - -Multiple species unrelated species seperately develop similar traits Molecular homology - -Similarities in molecular composition between species; particularly that of DNA Vestigial structures - -Struc