BIO 181 Exam 3 NCSU, Top Exam Questions and answers, 100% Accurate.

BIO 181 Exam 3 NCSU, Top Exam Questions and answers, 100% Accurate. Taxonomy - -Hierarchical system involving successive levels; based on similarities and differences Who was responsible for the idea of binomial nomenclature? - -Linnaeus What is the hierarchical classification for taxa? - -Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, genus, species Classification of humans? (Domain through species) - -Eukarya, Animalia, Chordata, (Subphylum Vertebrata), Mammalia, Primata, Homonidae, Homo, sapiens Systematics - -An analytic approach to understanding the diversity and relationships of organisms, extant and extinct What are systematics used for? - -To determine phylogeny - evolutionary history of a species or group of species • Sorting homology from analogy • Gather morphological or molecular data • Molecular data has caused many revisions • Use mathematical strategies to analyze data • Construct evolutionary trees Cladistics - -Reconstructs phylogenetic trees by considering various possible pathways of evolution and then proposing plausible trees What are phylogenetic trees made up of? - -Clades and they can also be considered cladograms (an assemblage of clades) Shared primitive character - -trait shared with a distant common ancestor Shared derived character - -trait shared by a group of organisms but not shared by a distant common ancestor Ingroup - -the group we're interested in studying; closely related Outgroup - -the species or group of species most closely related to the ingroup but not as related as those in the ingroup; diverged prior to the rest of the organisms in the ingroup Name some issues in cladistics. - -• Challenge is to determine the correct order of events • Not always obvious which traits are ancestral and came earlier, and which are derived and came later • Different approaches can be used to deduce the correct order • Analyze fossils and determine the relative dates when certain traits arose • Assume that the best hypothesis is the one that requires the fewest number of evolutionary changes (principle of parsimony) What is the goal of taxonomy? - -to place organisms in monophyletic groups, or clades Monophyletic - -Contains a common ancestor and all of its descendants Paraphyletic - -Contains a common ancestor but not all of its descendants Polyphyletic - -Contains groups of species with different common ancestors