General critical care -ACCS exam, Questions and answers, 100% Accurate.

General critical care -ACCS exam, Questions and answers, 100% Accurate. What is the thyromental distance? - -Measurement of the distance between the upper edge of the thyroid cartilage to the chin, while the neck is completely extended. Thyromental distance: what indicates a suspected difficult intubation? - -Less than 6 cm Thyromental distance: what suggests a non-problematic intubation? - -7 cm or greater What type of x-ray should you use to determine proper position of an endotracheal tube? - -AP x-ray What type of x-ray is helpful in detecting pleural effusions? - -Lateral decubitus The description "concave superior border or interface" describes what? - -A pleural effusion What type of x-ray is helpful and spotting internal issues such as masses, blebs, or lesions? - -Oblique x-ray On x-ray, where should the end of the endotracheal tube be positioned? - -2-5 cm above the carina On x-ray, where should the central venous catheter be positioned? - -The tip should rest in the right atrium or vena cava On x-ray, where should the pulmonary artery catheter be positioned? - -The tip should be over the right lower lung field What type of diagnostic imaging is used to detect the functionality of organs? - -PET scan What is the gas the patient breathes during a V/Q scan? - -Xenon On V/Q scan, what do dark areas of the lungs indicate? - -Absence of ventilation in that area On V/Q scan, the description "wedge shaped" indicates what? - -A clot What is considered normal work of breathing? - -0.5-0.7 J/L Three key criteria for brain death - -1. Unresponsiveness 2. Absence of reflexes 3. Presence of apnea Normal stroke volume - -50-100 mL Normal ejection fraction - -50-70% The best lead to determine the left ventricle status - -V5 The best lead to determine overall electrical condition of the heart - -Lead II Hypertrophy will cause an axis deviation in what direction? - -In the direction of the hypertrophy, usually to the left, as in CHF If tissues are infarcted or dead, the axis will deviate where? - -Away from the infarcted tissue Myocardial ischemia is what? - -A current lack of oxygen to the cardiac muscle.