ACCS Respiratory, Exam review. Full coverage. Rated A+

ACCS Respiratory, Exam review. Full coverage. Rated A+ Normal Urine Output - -40 mL/hr (approx. 1 Liter/day) Decreased CVP (2 mmHg) - -Hypovolemia Increased CVP (6 mmHg) - -Hypervolemia Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) - -Eye-opening response Spontaneous opening- 4 To verbal stimuli- 3 To pain- 2 None- 1 Most appropriate verbal response Oriented- 5 Confused- 4 Inappropriate words- 3 Incoherent- 2 None- 1 Most intergrated motor response (arm) Obeys commands- 6 Localizes pain- 5 Withdraws from pain- 4 Flexion to pain- 3 Extension to pain- 2 None- 1 Orthopnea - -ability to breathe only in an upright position (CHF, Heart problem) General malaise - -Run down feeling, nausea, weakness, fatigue, headache (electrolyte imbalance) Dyspnea - -Grade 1- occurs after unusual exertion Grade 2- breathless after going up hills or stairs Grade 3- while walking at normal speed Grade 4- slowly walking a short distance Grade 5- at rest, shaving, dressing, etc. vasovagal syncope - -Common dizziness and fainting, caused by loss of peripheral venous tone orthostatic hypotension - -Excessive drop in BP when assuming the standing position Carotid sinus syncope - -Associated with hypertension carotid sinus - more common in elderly patients Cough (tussive) syncope - -Transient loss of consciousness following severe coughing FUO - -fever of unknown origin heart rate - -60-100 bpm Respiratory rate - -12-20 breaths per minute Temperature Norm. - -Oral- 97.0-99.5 *F (36.5-37.5 *C) Rectal- 98.7-100.5 *F (37.1-38.1 *C) Ear- 98.7-100.5 *F (37.1-38.1*C) PERRLA - -pupils- equal, round, reactive to light and accommodation Miosis - -constricted pupils (pinpoint) Ptosis - -Drooping of the upper eyelid Diplopia - -Blurred or double vision Nystagmus - -involuntary, rapid, rhythmic movement of the eyeball Peripheral edema - -Presence of excess fluid in the tissue. Caused by CHF, pulmonary hypertension, venous insufficiency and renal failure. Rated +1,+2,+3,+4; higher numbers indicate more severs swelling. May be described as "pitting edema" ascites - -abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen, generally caused by liver failure Clubbing of fingers - -Caused by chronic hypoxemia, suggestive of pulmonary disease Eupnea - -normal respiratory rate, depth and rhythm Tachypnea - -increased respiratory rate (over 20 breaths per minute) Bradypnea - -decreased respiratory rate (less than 12 per minute) variable depth and irregular rhythm Apnea - -not breathing Hyperpnea - -increased respiratory rate, increased depth, regular rhythm (caused by metabolic disorder, CNS disorder) Cheyne Stokes - -gradually increasing then decreasing rate and depth in a cycle lasting from 30-180 seconds, with periods of apnea lasting up to 60 seconds. Biot's - -increased respiratory rate and depth with irregular periods of apnea. Each breath has the same depth. Kussmaul's - -Increased respiratory rate (usually over 20 breaths/min.), increased depth, irregular rhythm, breathing sounds labored. Apneustic - -prolonged gasping