AP Biology Exam Terms with Correct Answers

organic compounds - Answer-contain carbon; examples include lipids, proteins, and carbs functional groups - Answer-amino (NH2), carbonyl (RCOR), carboxyl (COOH), hydroxyl (OH), phosphate (PO4), sulfhydryl (SH) fat - Answer-glycerol and three fatty acids saturated fats - Answer-bad for you; animals and some plants have it; solidifies at room temp. unsaturated fats - Answer-better for you, plants have it; liquifies at room temp. steriods - Answer-lipids whose structures resemble chicken-wire fence. include cholesterol and sex hormones phospholipids - Answer-glycerol + 2 fatty acids + 1 phosphate group; makes up membrane bilayers of cells; hydrophobic interiors and hydrophillic exteriors carbohydrates - Answer-used by cells for energy and stucture; monosaccharides (glucose), disaccharides (sucrose, maltose, lactose), storage polysaccharides (starch [plants], glycogen [animals]), structural polysaccharides (chitin [fungi], cellulose [arthropods]) proteins - Answer-made with the help of ribosomes out of amino acids; serve many functions (transport, enzymes, cell signals, receptor molecules, structural components, and channels) enzymes - Answer-catalytic proteins that react in an induced-fit fashion with substrates to speed up that rate of reactions by lowering the activation energy competitve inhibtion - Answer-inhibitor resembles substrate and binds to active site noncompetitive inhibition - Answer-inhibitor binds elsewhere on the enzyme; alters active site so that the substrate cannot bind pH - Answer-logarithmic scale; 7 acidic, 7 neutral, 7 basic (alkaline); 4 is 10 times more acidic than 5 hydrolysis - Answer-breaks down compounds by adding water