OMSA Study Guide Latest Complete Solutions

OMSA Study Guide Latest Complete Solutions Name the 4 valves in the heart - ANSWER Tricuspid valve Aortic Valve Mitral Valve pulmonic Valve Where is the Tricuspid valve located? - ANSWER Between the right atrium and right ventricle Where is the Mitral valve located? - ANSWER Between the left atrium and the left ventricle Where is the Aortic valve located? - ANSWER Between the aorta and the heart's left ventricle Where is the pulmonic valve located? - ANSWER Between the" right ventricle and the pulmonary artery What is the function of valves in the heart? - ANSWER To prevent the backflow of blood When you listen to a normal heart beat through a stethoscope what sound does it make, and what causes this sound? - ANSWER Lub-dub; caused by the aortic and pulmonic valves closing What is angina pectoris? - ANSWER Another name for chest pain of cardiac origin What is angina pectoris caused by? - ANSWER Ischemia or lack of oxygen to the heart muscle How does nitroglycerin affect the body? - ANSWER It dilates the coronary arteries and increases the blood flow to the heart When does angina pectoris turn into a myocardial infarction? - ANSWER When the heart is deprived of oxygen too long and a portion of the heart dies Death of the heart muscle - ANSWER necrosis Risk factors of cardiovascular disease (12) - ANSWER Family history of heart disease Smokers Hypercholesterolemia Diabetes Obesity Sedentary lifestyle Hypertension Advancing age History of MI Congestive heart failure Heart valve dysfunction dysrhythmias Signs and symptoms of Myocardial infarction (MI) (5) - ANSWER -Chest pain not relieved by nitroglycerin -Pain radiate down the left arm or up the left jaw -Blood pressure drop -weak with thready pulse -nausea or vomiting What should you do if you suspect a patient is having a MI? - ANSWER Morphine Oxygen Nitrates Aspirin Place patient on monitors and start IV asap What is congestive heart failure? - ANSWER The heart cannot pump blood in a forward motion What happens when there is CHF on the right side? - ANSWER Excess blood an fluid backing up systemically; meaning in the rest of the body What are the symptoms of right sided CHF? - ANSWER Swelling in the ankles and ascetics (belly) Distended neck veins What happens when there is CHF on the left side? - ANSWER Fluid backing up into the lungs causing pt to cough pink frothy sputum. What are the symptoms of left sided CHF? - ANSWER Shortness of breath and wakes up in the middle of the night gasping for air What is the normal treatment for CHF? - ANSWER Diuretics; so the patient pees out the excess fluid How is the cardiovascular system monitored? - ANSWER By using tone pulse, blood pressure and the EKG What is the autonomic nervous system responsible for? - ANSWER for controlling the bodily functions not consciously directed Causing increased heart rate and blood pressure and bronchodilates the airways; "Fight or flight" - ANSWER Sympathetic nervous system Results in stimulation of salivary glands, and slows the heart rate; "couch potatoes state" - ANSWER Parasympathetic nervous system Another name for stroke - ANSWER Cerebral vascular accident A type of Cerebral vascular accident where a blood clot occurs in the brain causing the blood vessel to become occluded depriving the brain tissue of oxygen - ANSWER embolic stroke A type Cerebral vascular accident where a bold vessel ruptures and bleeds depriving the brain tissue of oxygen - ANSWER Hemorrhagic stroke Symptoms of a cerebral vascular accident include: - ANSWER Weakness of extremities usually one side only Facial palsy or slurred speech headache How is the cardiovascular system monitored? - ANSWER By the patients pulse rate, the patient’s blood pressure and the EKG What 3 areas are the most common to take a pulse? - ANSWER Radial, Branchial and carotid What is the ideal size for a blood pressure cuff to ensure an accurate BP reading? - ANSWER Greater that 1/3 the circumference of the arm What does systolic pressure represent? - ANSWER The force of the ventricular contraction The sound of the blood rushing through the veins after the BP cuff releases? - ANSWER Korotkoff sounds What is the autonomic nervous system? - ANSWER Responsible for control of the bodily functions not consciously What are the components of the autonomic nervous system? - ANSWER Sympathetic and parasympathetic What reaction does the sympathetic nervous system induce? - ANSWER "Fight or flight"; increased heart rate and BP, bronchodilates airways