Ch 21/22: Lymphatic System and Immunity
Practice Questions
Get a hint
The thoracic duct and the right lymphatic duct empty lymph into the subclavian veins
The pharyngeal tonsils are located in the posterior wall of the nasopharynx.
B-lymphocytes are white blood cells that are generated in red bone marrow
What is the major functional differences between primary and secondary lymphatic organs?
Include an example each of a primary and secondary organ. Primary lymphatic organs are
responsible for the formation and maturation of lymphocytes; this includes red bone marrow and
the thymus. Secondary lymphatic structures do not form lymphocytes, but they contain them.
This is where the sites of immune response initiation occurs, and includes the spleen, tonsils,
lymph nodes, and more.
Discuss two different features of lymph nodes that contribute to its function. Do not just list them
but give a brief description of how they assist in function. -arranged in clusters to allow
multiple rounds of lymph filtration
-multiple afferent vs. one efferent vessel increases pressure and pushes lymph through node
-arrangement of immune cells: cortex and medulla house various immune cells to monitor lymph
(multiple cells count as one feature, answers that list B-cells and T-cells as two separate features
will be given half credit)
-cortical sinuses lined with macrophages to phagocytize pathogens
-CT capsule encloses node for housing immune cells/filtering lymph
These are functions of the lymphatic system except: a. removes excess fluid from tissues
b. absorbs fats from the digestive tract
c. defends the body against microorganisms and other foreign substances
d. regulates body temperature
D
This statement best describes lymph nodes: a. filter lymph
b. are where lymphocytes divide and increase in number
c. contain a network of reticular fibers
d. contain lymphatic sinuses
e. all of the above
all of the above
Given the following:
1. blood capillaries
2. lymphatic vessels
3. interstitial spaces
4. lymphatic capillaries
5. lymphatic ducts
6. subclavian veins
,Give the correct order according to the sequence of fluid flow. 1,3,4,2,5,6
This statement best describes the spleen: Acts as a blood reservoir
If the right lymphatic duct became blocked, this effect would be evident: swelling of the right
arm
These are all examples of mechanical mechanisms that prevent entry of microorganisms into the
body except: a. tears to wash the eyes
b. saliva in the mouth
c. skin
d. cilia in the respiratory tract
e. complement cascade
E
This group of proteins is activated by a series of reactions, in which one activated chemical then
activates another; and promotes inflammation, phagocytosis, and cell lysis: complement
Interferons are antiviral proteins that stop viral reproduction in neighboring cells by preventing
the production of viral nucleic acids and proteins. true
Dust cells, microglia, and Kupffer cells are examples of these: macrophages
This condition does not occur during the inflammatory response: a. histamine and other
chemical mediators are released
b. chemotaxis of phagocytes
c. fibrinogen enters tissues from the blood
d. vasoconstriction of blood vessels
e. increased permeability of blood vessels
D
This statement describes antigens: a. are foreign substances introduced into the body
b. are molecules produced by the body
c. stimulate an adaptive immune system response
d. all of the above
D
This statement describes the function of antibodies: a. prevent antigens from binding together
b. promote phagocytosis
c. inhibit inflammation
d. block complement activation
e. prevent breakdown of foreign antigens
B
This statement describes B cells: are stimulated by helper T cells
This best describes the activity of cytokines: a. promote inflammation
b. activate macrophages
c. kill target cells by causing them to lyse
These proteins are known as CD4 and CD8: attachment proteins on the surfaces of helper-T and
cytotoxic T-cells
A vaccine produces its effects by this: stimulating a primary immune response
, This type of resistance is acquired as a result of developing and recovering from a disease:
naturally acquired active immunity
Antisera is available for microorganisms that cause this: a. rabies
b. tetanus
c. botulism
d. black widow spider bites
Passive natural immunity results from the transfer of antibodies from a mother to her child across
the placenta before birth. true
Booster shots are given some time after the original dose was administered for these purposes
except: a. stimulates a secondary (memory) response
b. large amounts of antibodies are formed
c. the original dose has worn off
d. provides longer-lasting immunity
C
This statement best describes neutrophils: b. account for most of the dead cells in pus
Complement is involved in this: both adaptive and innate immunity
This is an example of innate immunity: a. tears and saliva wash away microorganisms
b. basophils release histamine and leukotrienes
c. neutrophils phagocytize a microorganism
d. activation of the complement cascade
This antibody accounts for 80-85% of serum antibodies, can cross the placenta, and is
responsible for Rh reactions: IgG
As the result of a bee sting, Joe B. Hive had an immediate severe reaction, and nearly died. This
reaction was caused by B cells
Elimination of an antigen stops the production of antibodies in this manner: a. antigens
cannot combine with MHC class II molecules
b. no signal to cause lymphocytes to proliferate
Check all that are components of lymph interstitial fluid, solutes, foreign material
Trace the path of lymph from the time it leaves the interstitial spaces to the time it enters the
blood. 1. lymphatic capillaries
2. afferent lymphatic vessels
3. lymph nodes
4. efferent lymphatic vessels
5. lymphatic trunks
6. lymphatic ducts
Match the lymphatic trunk with the major body region that it drains. intestinal trunks-
drain most abdominal structures
lumbar trunks- drain lower limbs and pelvic organs
jugular trunks- drain head and neck
bronchomediastinal trunks- drain deep thoracic structures
subclavian trunks- drain upper limbs, breasts, and thoracic wall
Practice Questions
Get a hint
The thoracic duct and the right lymphatic duct empty lymph into the subclavian veins
The pharyngeal tonsils are located in the posterior wall of the nasopharynx.
B-lymphocytes are white blood cells that are generated in red bone marrow
What is the major functional differences between primary and secondary lymphatic organs?
Include an example each of a primary and secondary organ. Primary lymphatic organs are
responsible for the formation and maturation of lymphocytes; this includes red bone marrow and
the thymus. Secondary lymphatic structures do not form lymphocytes, but they contain them.
This is where the sites of immune response initiation occurs, and includes the spleen, tonsils,
lymph nodes, and more.
Discuss two different features of lymph nodes that contribute to its function. Do not just list them
but give a brief description of how they assist in function. -arranged in clusters to allow
multiple rounds of lymph filtration
-multiple afferent vs. one efferent vessel increases pressure and pushes lymph through node
-arrangement of immune cells: cortex and medulla house various immune cells to monitor lymph
(multiple cells count as one feature, answers that list B-cells and T-cells as two separate features
will be given half credit)
-cortical sinuses lined with macrophages to phagocytize pathogens
-CT capsule encloses node for housing immune cells/filtering lymph
These are functions of the lymphatic system except: a. removes excess fluid from tissues
b. absorbs fats from the digestive tract
c. defends the body against microorganisms and other foreign substances
d. regulates body temperature
D
This statement best describes lymph nodes: a. filter lymph
b. are where lymphocytes divide and increase in number
c. contain a network of reticular fibers
d. contain lymphatic sinuses
e. all of the above
all of the above
Given the following:
1. blood capillaries
2. lymphatic vessels
3. interstitial spaces
4. lymphatic capillaries
5. lymphatic ducts
6. subclavian veins
,Give the correct order according to the sequence of fluid flow. 1,3,4,2,5,6
This statement best describes the spleen: Acts as a blood reservoir
If the right lymphatic duct became blocked, this effect would be evident: swelling of the right
arm
These are all examples of mechanical mechanisms that prevent entry of microorganisms into the
body except: a. tears to wash the eyes
b. saliva in the mouth
c. skin
d. cilia in the respiratory tract
e. complement cascade
E
This group of proteins is activated by a series of reactions, in which one activated chemical then
activates another; and promotes inflammation, phagocytosis, and cell lysis: complement
Interferons are antiviral proteins that stop viral reproduction in neighboring cells by preventing
the production of viral nucleic acids and proteins. true
Dust cells, microglia, and Kupffer cells are examples of these: macrophages
This condition does not occur during the inflammatory response: a. histamine and other
chemical mediators are released
b. chemotaxis of phagocytes
c. fibrinogen enters tissues from the blood
d. vasoconstriction of blood vessels
e. increased permeability of blood vessels
D
This statement describes antigens: a. are foreign substances introduced into the body
b. are molecules produced by the body
c. stimulate an adaptive immune system response
d. all of the above
D
This statement describes the function of antibodies: a. prevent antigens from binding together
b. promote phagocytosis
c. inhibit inflammation
d. block complement activation
e. prevent breakdown of foreign antigens
B
This statement describes B cells: are stimulated by helper T cells
This best describes the activity of cytokines: a. promote inflammation
b. activate macrophages
c. kill target cells by causing them to lyse
These proteins are known as CD4 and CD8: attachment proteins on the surfaces of helper-T and
cytotoxic T-cells
A vaccine produces its effects by this: stimulating a primary immune response
, This type of resistance is acquired as a result of developing and recovering from a disease:
naturally acquired active immunity
Antisera is available for microorganisms that cause this: a. rabies
b. tetanus
c. botulism
d. black widow spider bites
Passive natural immunity results from the transfer of antibodies from a mother to her child across
the placenta before birth. true
Booster shots are given some time after the original dose was administered for these purposes
except: a. stimulates a secondary (memory) response
b. large amounts of antibodies are formed
c. the original dose has worn off
d. provides longer-lasting immunity
C
This statement best describes neutrophils: b. account for most of the dead cells in pus
Complement is involved in this: both adaptive and innate immunity
This is an example of innate immunity: a. tears and saliva wash away microorganisms
b. basophils release histamine and leukotrienes
c. neutrophils phagocytize a microorganism
d. activation of the complement cascade
This antibody accounts for 80-85% of serum antibodies, can cross the placenta, and is
responsible for Rh reactions: IgG
As the result of a bee sting, Joe B. Hive had an immediate severe reaction, and nearly died. This
reaction was caused by B cells
Elimination of an antigen stops the production of antibodies in this manner: a. antigens
cannot combine with MHC class II molecules
b. no signal to cause lymphocytes to proliferate
Check all that are components of lymph interstitial fluid, solutes, foreign material
Trace the path of lymph from the time it leaves the interstitial spaces to the time it enters the
blood. 1. lymphatic capillaries
2. afferent lymphatic vessels
3. lymph nodes
4. efferent lymphatic vessels
5. lymphatic trunks
6. lymphatic ducts
Match the lymphatic trunk with the major body region that it drains. intestinal trunks-
drain most abdominal structures
lumbar trunks- drain lower limbs and pelvic organs
jugular trunks- drain head and neck
bronchomediastinal trunks- drain deep thoracic structures
subclavian trunks- drain upper limbs, breasts, and thoracic wall
