Test Bank for Understanding Child Abuse and Neglect, 10th Edition, Cynthia Crosson-Tower

Test Bank for Understanding Child Abuse and Neglect, 10th Edition, Cynthia Crosson-Tower Essay/Discussion Questions Several questions are provided to be used in either essay exams or to stimulate class discussions. Multiple Choice Exam Questions A set of questions is included for each chapter that should lessen the burden on the instructor when it comes to creating tests. These questions provide a tool to determine if the students have mastered the material that was presented in the readings and class discussions. Introduction Overview Chapter 1: The Maltreatment of Children Then and Now Chapter 1 The Maltreatment of Children Then and Now This chapter examines the history of child maltreatment and the services for abused and neglected children. Such topics as dependence, discipline and child labor are discussed. Early sexual attitudes are traced to the present. The chapter also looks at the recent history of helping abused and neglected children, from the writings of such reformers as Dickens, to the formation of the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children, and later, the efforts of C. Henry Kempe. In addition, the chapter discusses the influence of neurobiology on the understanding of trauma and the current state of child protection today and the need for further research. Objectives After reading this chapter, students should be able to:  Discuss how children were viewed prior to the twenty-first century, including their dependent status, how they were disciplined, and how they were sexually exploited.  Explain how children were used as part of the labor force and what efforts were made to change these practices.  Outline the early efforts to protect abused and neglected children.  Describe how the study of trauma influences the current view of child maltreatment and child protection  Describe the role of protective services today. Key Words/Phrases Infanticide Corporal Punishment Sexual Exploitation Indenture Elizabethan Poor Laws Settlement House Pederasty Mary Ellen Wilson C. Henry Kempe National Center for the Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study Trauma Theory Child Protective Services Family Preservation and Support Services Act Key Points for Students to Learn A. Early Views of Children 1. As property: infanticides in ancient world & farm labor in feudal societies. Initially children were the property of their parents who could decide their life, death, or discipline. 2. Matters of discipline: corporal punishment 3. Sexual exploitation: Female children were often bartered and abused in convents, while pederasty for boys were a common practice. 4. Contradictions in Victoria era with strict moral codes but rampant pornography 5. Child Labor during industrial revolution and slavery in the southern states. Indenture was a popular form of child labor in the early United States. Indenture also provided an opportunity for children to be abused. B. Growing Concerns and Awareness 1. Settlement Houses (late 1880’s) provided refuge from child labor, for white children 2. African American children were neglected by child welfare system Chapter 1: The Maltreatment of Children Then and Now 3. Native American children were removed from home and sent to boarding schools to assimilate them into the White culture. C. Early Attempts to protect children 1. A British writer Dickens wrote an autobiographical book Oliver Twist and brought the issue of child abuse to public attention. 2. The case of Mary Ellen, the first child removed from her homes due to abuse, gave rise to a myriad of reforms, such formation of Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children (SPCC) in 1875 and The Child Welfare League of American in 1920. 3. The coining of the term “the battered Child Syndrome” by C. Henry Kempe was a result of the discoveries of abuse made by Caffey and his colleagues when they noticed unexplained breaks on x-rays. The use of this term furthered both research and treatment efforts. D. Further Developments 1. Several pieces of federal legislation have had an impact on intervention with abused and neglected children. The Child Abuse Prevention Act (1974), The Indian Child Welfare Act (1978) and Family Preservation and Support Services Act (1993). 2. Emerging theoretical influences include Adverse Childhood Experiences Study and Psychological Trauma Theory. Studies have found significant correlation between child abuse and household dysfunctions. E. The Role of Child Protection Services 1. CPS has become more involved in solidifying risk assessment criteria, advocating for child protection teams, and offering more family centered services, following the model of Family Rehabilitation. References Caffey, J. (1946). Multiple fractures in the long bones of infants suffering from chronic subdural hematoma. American Journal of Roentgenology, 56, 163–173. Delima, J., & Vimpani, G. (2011). The neurological effects of childhood maltreatment: An often overlooked narrative related to long-term effects of early childhood trauma? Family Matters, 89, 42–52. Felitti, V. J., Anda, R. F., Nordenberg, D., Williamson, D. F., Spitz, A. M., Edwards, V., Koss, M. P., & Marks, J. S. (1998). Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults: The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 14(4), 245–258. Halverson, K., Puig, M. E., & Byers, S. R. (2002). Culture loss: American Indian family disruption, urbanization, and the Indian Child Welfare Act. Child Welfare, 81(2), 319–336. Kempe, H., Silverman, F., Steele, B., Droegemueller, W., & Silver, H. (1962). The battered-child syndrome. Journal of the American Medical Association, 181, 17–24. Essay/Discussion Questions 1. What was the fate of children prior to the late nineteenth century? On what attitudes was this based? 2. Who was Mary Ellen and what influence did she have on the history of intervention on behalf of abuse children? 3. Why did it take one hundred years between the case of Mary Ellen, which greatly influenced the intervention in child maltreatment, until laws were passed on a national level to protect children from abuse and neglect? 4. Trace the more recent events in the history of intervening on behalf of abuse and neglected children. 5. Jane Addams is a fascinating individual in the history of the Settlement house movement and Hull House provided many of the leaders of child welfare reform. What might be a similar movement in today’s world? Multiple Choice Exam Questions Chapter 1: The Maltreatment of Children Then and Now 1. In the 2003 study on public perceptions on child maltreatment, when asked what they felt were the causes of child abuse, the majority of respondents pointed to a. the high divorce rates b. the lenient parenting c. the violence in media d. the increased alcohol and drug use among parents 2. The Elizabethan Poor Law was an organized attempt to protect children by a. placing them with their families b. separating them and putting them in foster homes c. providing coupons like food stamps d. putting them with relatives while their parents went to the workhouses 3. Indenture was a system utilized to a. provide punishment for delinquent children b. provide homes for boys only c. teach children trades d. remove children from abusive parents 4. Pederasty refers to: a. the selling of young girls into slavery b. the practice of adult males indoctrinating young boys sexually c. the use of young women who were about to enter the convent by monks d. the use of young girls as prostitutes for wealthy men 5. Jean Martin Charcot recognized that the origin of psychological symptoms such as hysteria might have some physiological basis and discovered that many of the young women he treated a. had suffered chronic brain ailments b. had suffered from a variety of violent experiences such as rape and sexual abuse c. had been in sexual relations with multiple partners d. had been left alone by their mothers for long periods of time 6. In the late 1880’s, the settlement house movement arose primarily to a. reduce child labor b. eradicate pederasty c. reduce sexual exploitation of the girls d. house orphaned Native American children 7. By 1867, the commissioner of Indian Affairs reported to Congress that the best method of solving “The Indian Problem” was to a. educate them in their traditional ways b. place them in their own farms to learn the ‘value of work’