SCHOOL OF COMPUTING
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
&
DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
UNIT – I Fog and Cloud Computing SITA1503
1
, 1 Understanding Cloud Computing
Basic Concepts and Terminology - Cloud Computing Architectural Framework - Types of
Clouds - pros and cons of cloud computing – Cloud Characteristics - difference between web
2.0 and cloud - key challenges in cloud computing - Major Cloud players - Virtualization in
Cloud Computing - Parallelization in Cloud Computing - cloud resource management – Cloud
Enabling Technology.
1.1 History of Cloud Computing
Before emerging the cloud computing, there was Client/Server computing which is basically
a centralized storage in which all the software applications, all the data and all the controls are
resided on the server side. If a single user wants to access specific data or run a program, he/she
need to connect to the server and then gain appropriate access, and then he/she can do his/her
business. Then after, distributed computing came into picture, where all the computers are
networked together and share their resources when needed. On the basis of above computing,
there was emerged of cloud computing concepts thatlater implemented.
At around in 1961, John Mac Charty suggested in a speech at MIT that computing can be sold
like a utility, just like a water or electricity. It was a brilliant idea, but like all brilliant ideas, it
was ahead if its time, as for the next few decades, despite interest in the model, the technology
simply was not ready for it. But of course time has passed and the technology caught that idea
and after few years we mentioned that:
In 1999, Salesforce.com started delivering of applications to users using a simple website.
The applications were delivered to enterprises over the Internet, and this way the dream of
computing sold as utility were true.
In 2002, Amazon started Amazon Web Services, providing services like storage, computation
and even human intelligence. However, only starting with the launch of the Elastic Compute
Cloud in 2006 a truly commercial service open to everybody existed.
2
,In 2009, Google Apps also started to provide cloud computing enterprise applications.same
year Microsoft launched Windows Azure, and companies like Oracle and HP have all joined
the game. This proves that today, cloud computing has become mainstream.
1.2 Characteristics of Cloud Computing
The characteristics of cloud computing are given below:
1. Agility
The cloud works in the distributed computing environment. It shares resources among users
and works very fast.
2. High availability and reliability
Availability of servers is high and more reliable, because chances of infrastructure failure are
minimal.
3. High Scalability
Means "on-demand" provisioning of resources on a large scale, without having engineers
for peak loads.
4. Multi-Sharing
With the help of cloud computing, multiple users and applications can work more efficiently
with cost reductions by sharing common infrastructure.
5. Device and Location Independence
Cloud computing enables the users to access systems using a web browser regardless of
their location or what device they use e.g. PC, mobile phone etc. As infrastructure is off-site
(typically provided by a third-party) and accessed via the Internet, users can connect from
anywhere.
6. Maintenance
Maintenance of cloud computing applications is easier, since they do not need to be installed
on each user's computer and can be accessed from different places. So, it reduces the cost
also.
3
, 7. Low Cost
By using cloud computing, the cost will be reduced because to take the services of cloud
computing, IT company need not to set its own infrastructure and pay-as-per usage of
resources.
8. Services in pay-per-use mode
Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) are provided to the users so that they can access
services on the cloud by using these APIs and pay the charges as per the usage of services.
1.3 Architectural framework
Figure 1.1 Cloud Computing Architecture
Cloud Computing architecture (Figure 1.1) refers to the various components and sub-
components of cloud that constitute the structure of the system.
Cloud computing architecture consists of:
A front-end platform that can include fat clients, thin clients, and mobile devices
Back-end platforms, such as servers and storage
Cloud-based delivery
A network (internet, intranet)
4
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
&
DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
UNIT – I Fog and Cloud Computing SITA1503
1
, 1 Understanding Cloud Computing
Basic Concepts and Terminology - Cloud Computing Architectural Framework - Types of
Clouds - pros and cons of cloud computing – Cloud Characteristics - difference between web
2.0 and cloud - key challenges in cloud computing - Major Cloud players - Virtualization in
Cloud Computing - Parallelization in Cloud Computing - cloud resource management – Cloud
Enabling Technology.
1.1 History of Cloud Computing
Before emerging the cloud computing, there was Client/Server computing which is basically
a centralized storage in which all the software applications, all the data and all the controls are
resided on the server side. If a single user wants to access specific data or run a program, he/she
need to connect to the server and then gain appropriate access, and then he/she can do his/her
business. Then after, distributed computing came into picture, where all the computers are
networked together and share their resources when needed. On the basis of above computing,
there was emerged of cloud computing concepts thatlater implemented.
At around in 1961, John Mac Charty suggested in a speech at MIT that computing can be sold
like a utility, just like a water or electricity. It was a brilliant idea, but like all brilliant ideas, it
was ahead if its time, as for the next few decades, despite interest in the model, the technology
simply was not ready for it. But of course time has passed and the technology caught that idea
and after few years we mentioned that:
In 1999, Salesforce.com started delivering of applications to users using a simple website.
The applications were delivered to enterprises over the Internet, and this way the dream of
computing sold as utility were true.
In 2002, Amazon started Amazon Web Services, providing services like storage, computation
and even human intelligence. However, only starting with the launch of the Elastic Compute
Cloud in 2006 a truly commercial service open to everybody existed.
2
,In 2009, Google Apps also started to provide cloud computing enterprise applications.same
year Microsoft launched Windows Azure, and companies like Oracle and HP have all joined
the game. This proves that today, cloud computing has become mainstream.
1.2 Characteristics of Cloud Computing
The characteristics of cloud computing are given below:
1. Agility
The cloud works in the distributed computing environment. It shares resources among users
and works very fast.
2. High availability and reliability
Availability of servers is high and more reliable, because chances of infrastructure failure are
minimal.
3. High Scalability
Means "on-demand" provisioning of resources on a large scale, without having engineers
for peak loads.
4. Multi-Sharing
With the help of cloud computing, multiple users and applications can work more efficiently
with cost reductions by sharing common infrastructure.
5. Device and Location Independence
Cloud computing enables the users to access systems using a web browser regardless of
their location or what device they use e.g. PC, mobile phone etc. As infrastructure is off-site
(typically provided by a third-party) and accessed via the Internet, users can connect from
anywhere.
6. Maintenance
Maintenance of cloud computing applications is easier, since they do not need to be installed
on each user's computer and can be accessed from different places. So, it reduces the cost
also.
3
, 7. Low Cost
By using cloud computing, the cost will be reduced because to take the services of cloud
computing, IT company need not to set its own infrastructure and pay-as-per usage of
resources.
8. Services in pay-per-use mode
Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) are provided to the users so that they can access
services on the cloud by using these APIs and pay the charges as per the usage of services.
1.3 Architectural framework
Figure 1.1 Cloud Computing Architecture
Cloud Computing architecture (Figure 1.1) refers to the various components and sub-
components of cloud that constitute the structure of the system.
Cloud computing architecture consists of:
A front-end platform that can include fat clients, thin clients, and mobile devices
Back-end platforms, such as servers and storage
Cloud-based delivery
A network (internet, intranet)
4
