ATLS TEST 1 LATEST EXAM 2022-2024 /ADVANCED
TRAUMA LIFE SUPPORT TEST 1 LATEST 2022-2024
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
What is the Golden hour --ANSWER- refers to the first hour after an injury until
definitive care at the Trauma Center
50% of mortality immediately after injury, within the first hour. Most trauma
deaths occur immediately at scene and within the GOLDEN HOUR
How much time, in reality, do you have of the golden hour once a pt hits the
ED door --ANSWER- about 30 minutes, called platinum half hour
When someone has trauma, but they die later from it (within days to weeks)
what is it typically due to? --ANSWER- hemorrhagic shock- most common
Hypovolemic shock
What is the mneumonic for Hand-off to trauma team? --ANSWER- MIST
Mechanism of injury- need high index of suspicion for dx after getting MOI
Injuries found and suspected
Symptoms and signs
Treatment: Usually treat before definitive dx via tests!
Objectives of the Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) --ANSWER-
1. initial evaluation of the trauma pt
2. Identify life threatening injuries and initiate tx
3. Stabilize the trauma pt
What is the mnemonic for history taking –
ANSWER- "SAMPLE"
Signs/Sx
,Allergies
Medication
Past medical illness
Last meal
Event/Environment related to injury
Test that you give to all female pts of childbearing age? --ANSWER- BHCG
What are the complications of initial trauma? --ANSWER- hemorrhage,
acidosis, hypothermia, coagulopathy, hypoxia
Primary survey in a trauma situation --ANSWER- ABCDE
Airway maintenance with *c-spine restriction of spinal motion*
Breathing and ventilation
Circulation
Disability: Neurological status
Exposure/Environmental control
Gold Standard to get definitive airway --ANSWER- endotracheal intubation
What do you use if someone is presenting with tracheal injury, flail chest, or
sucking chest wound with decreased breath sounds? --ANSWER- insert a chest
tube (28-32 Fr)
Pneumonic for circulation and hemorrhage control
–ANSWER
- Direct pressure
Elevation
Pressure point
Tourniquet
aka DEPT
Hypovolemia tx in emergency situations --ANSWER- Start with two large bore
IVs (14-gauge catheter), one below and one above the site of injury
Infuse 1 liter of lactate ringers 3:1 ratio
, What blood products do you have to give females of childbearing age --
ANSWER- O NEGATIVE! must be negative to prevent erythroblastosis fetalis
Describe the glasgow coma scale ratings --ANSWER- Scored between 3 and 15
with 3 being worst (dead) and 15 being best
Composed of: Best eye response, Best Verbal Response, Best Motor Response
What do you need to do if someones Glasgow coma scale rating is under 8 --
ANSWER- intubate with endotracheal tube
Ratings of "Eye opening" on GCS --ANSWER-
4- spontaneous
3- to voice
2- to pain
1- none
Ratings of "verbal response" on GCS
--ANSWER
- 5- normal
4- disoriented/confused
3- words, not coherent
2- no words, but sounds yes
1- nothing
Ratings of "motor response" on GCS --ANSWER- 6- normal
5- localizes to pain
4- withdraws to pain
3- Decorticate flexion posture(Upper brain stem)
2- Decerebrate extension -posture (lower brain stem)
1- flaccid, none
What is the secondary survey and when do you do it? --ANSWER- Head to toe
survey with neurologic exam, performed after the primary survey
What initial xrays do you get in the ER --ANSWER- Lateral, Cspine, AP CXR,
and AP pelvis
What definitive care in the ER can be both diagnostic and therapeutic --
ANSWER- exploratory laparoscopy
TRAUMA LIFE SUPPORT TEST 1 LATEST 2022-2024
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
What is the Golden hour --ANSWER- refers to the first hour after an injury until
definitive care at the Trauma Center
50% of mortality immediately after injury, within the first hour. Most trauma
deaths occur immediately at scene and within the GOLDEN HOUR
How much time, in reality, do you have of the golden hour once a pt hits the
ED door --ANSWER- about 30 minutes, called platinum half hour
When someone has trauma, but they die later from it (within days to weeks)
what is it typically due to? --ANSWER- hemorrhagic shock- most common
Hypovolemic shock
What is the mneumonic for Hand-off to trauma team? --ANSWER- MIST
Mechanism of injury- need high index of suspicion for dx after getting MOI
Injuries found and suspected
Symptoms and signs
Treatment: Usually treat before definitive dx via tests!
Objectives of the Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) --ANSWER-
1. initial evaluation of the trauma pt
2. Identify life threatening injuries and initiate tx
3. Stabilize the trauma pt
What is the mnemonic for history taking –
ANSWER- "SAMPLE"
Signs/Sx
,Allergies
Medication
Past medical illness
Last meal
Event/Environment related to injury
Test that you give to all female pts of childbearing age? --ANSWER- BHCG
What are the complications of initial trauma? --ANSWER- hemorrhage,
acidosis, hypothermia, coagulopathy, hypoxia
Primary survey in a trauma situation --ANSWER- ABCDE
Airway maintenance with *c-spine restriction of spinal motion*
Breathing and ventilation
Circulation
Disability: Neurological status
Exposure/Environmental control
Gold Standard to get definitive airway --ANSWER- endotracheal intubation
What do you use if someone is presenting with tracheal injury, flail chest, or
sucking chest wound with decreased breath sounds? --ANSWER- insert a chest
tube (28-32 Fr)
Pneumonic for circulation and hemorrhage control
–ANSWER
- Direct pressure
Elevation
Pressure point
Tourniquet
aka DEPT
Hypovolemia tx in emergency situations --ANSWER- Start with two large bore
IVs (14-gauge catheter), one below and one above the site of injury
Infuse 1 liter of lactate ringers 3:1 ratio
, What blood products do you have to give females of childbearing age --
ANSWER- O NEGATIVE! must be negative to prevent erythroblastosis fetalis
Describe the glasgow coma scale ratings --ANSWER- Scored between 3 and 15
with 3 being worst (dead) and 15 being best
Composed of: Best eye response, Best Verbal Response, Best Motor Response
What do you need to do if someones Glasgow coma scale rating is under 8 --
ANSWER- intubate with endotracheal tube
Ratings of "Eye opening" on GCS --ANSWER-
4- spontaneous
3- to voice
2- to pain
1- none
Ratings of "verbal response" on GCS
--ANSWER
- 5- normal
4- disoriented/confused
3- words, not coherent
2- no words, but sounds yes
1- nothing
Ratings of "motor response" on GCS --ANSWER- 6- normal
5- localizes to pain
4- withdraws to pain
3- Decorticate flexion posture(Upper brain stem)
2- Decerebrate extension -posture (lower brain stem)
1- flaccid, none
What is the secondary survey and when do you do it? --ANSWER- Head to toe
survey with neurologic exam, performed after the primary survey
What initial xrays do you get in the ER --ANSWER- Lateral, Cspine, AP CXR,
and AP pelvis
What definitive care in the ER can be both diagnostic and therapeutic --
ANSWER- exploratory laparoscopy
