Passed
In ____________, the U.S. Congress passed the Public Health Security and Bioterrorism
Preparedness and Response Act ✔✔2002
The Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Act was part of an
orchestrated government response to the events of ______________ which also included a series
of homeland security presidential directives (HSPDs) ✔✔9/11
HSPDs directed agencies such as the Food and Drug Administration to establish programs and
regulations to assure the protection of the nation's _______________ supply ✔✔food
Programs & Regulations to Protect the Nation's Food Supply Include:
-Deterring intentional _____________________ of food by establishing a system of preventive
activities throughout the food chain.
-Periodic testing of the system to determine its _______________ in the event of an attack on the
food supply, and to find and address any gaps in the system. ✔✔contamination, effectiveness
, FDA staff worked with representatives of IBWA and the bottled water industry to develop a
threat assessment that would serve to help the industry address any vulnerabilities to a chemical,
biological, or radiological attack, creating the ________________ + ____________________
system ✔✔CARVER + Shock
CARVER + Shock is an acronym for. . . ✔✔- Criticality: Public health and economic impacts to
achieve the attacker's intent.
- Accessibility: Physical access to the target.
- Recuperability: Ability of the system to recover from the attack.
- Vulnerability: Ease of accomplishing the attack.
- Effect: Amount of direct loss from an attack.
- Recognizability: Ease of identifying a target.
- Shock: Combined physical, public health, psychological, and economic effects of an attack.
5 Steps in the CARVER + Shock assessment: ✔✔- Flow chart the system from water source to
processing to distribution
- Identify "critical nodes" that could be the most likely targets for terrorist
- Analyze each "critical node"
- Identify counter-measures to the potential risk