SKILLS USA HEALTH KNOWLEDGE BOWL EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Involuntary Muscles
cardiac and smooth muscles that can't be controlled by the mind and movement
Voluntary Muscles
skeletal muscles (attached to bone) that can be controlled by mind and movement
Skeletal Muscles
-muscles attached to bone-voluntary-contracts quickly and fatigues easily
Smooth Muscles
visceral (organ) muscles-involuntary-wall of digestive track, uterus, blood vessels-
controlled by automatic nervous system
Cardiac Muscles
-heart muscle-involuntary
Diaphysis
-compact bone-shaft of long bone-holds medullary cavity
Medullary Cavity
-within diaphysis-center of shaft-filled with yellow marrow
Epiphysis
-made of spongy bones-two extremities-where hemopoiesis occurs (production of red
blood cells)-contains red marrow
Osteocyte
mature bone cell
Fontanel
soft spot on a baby's head
Ossification
cartilage transforms into bone
Osteoblast
a cell which a bone developes
Sphincters
special circular muscle in opening of esophagus, stomach, small intestine, anus,
urethra, and mouth
Muscle Tone
muscle are partially contracted at all times
Contractures
server tightening of a flexor muscle resulting in a blending of a joint
Atrophy
when muscles shrink in size and strength when not used for a long time
Tendon
what connects bone and muscle
Ligament
what connects bone to bone
Frontalis
Where: Front of the skull Function: Pulls scalp back for face/forehead movement
Sternocleidomastoid
,Where: Side of neck Function: tilt, turn, and nod head
Deltoid
Where: Triangular muscle in shoulder Function: Flex arm, abduct arm, extend arm
Pectoralis
Where: Chest Function: Movement of shoulder joints & adducts the humerus
Latissimus Dorsi
Where: Back Function: Pulls arms back and down
External Oblique
Where: Side of abdomen Function: Pulls chest downward to compress the abdominal
cavity
Rectus Abdominus
Where: Front of abdomen ("6 pack") Function: Pulls ribs to pelvis (crunches)
Gluteus Maximus
Where: Butt Function: Movement of hips and thighs
Gastrocnemius
Where: Lower leg (posterior calf) Function: Flexing foot at ankle joint and flexing leg at
knee joint
Gracilis
Where: Medial side of thigh (inner thigh) Function: Hip adduction and assists knee
flexion
Sartorius
Where: Across front of the thigh; from hip to inner side of tibia Function: Flexes,
abducts, laterally rotates the thigh and flexes the lower leg
Vastus Lateralis
Where: Lateral side of thigh Function: extension of lower leg
Vastus Medialis
Where: Medial side of thigh Function: extends thigh
Tibialis Anterior
Where: Shins Function: Straightens or lifts foot
Biceps Branchi
Where: upper, inside part of the arm Function: forearm lifting
Brachioradialis
Where: forearm Function: flexes forearm at elbow
Trapezius
Where: upper back Function: moving, rotating, stabilizing scapula
Triceps
Where: back of arm Function: extension of elbow joint
Biceps Femoris
Where: back of knee Function: knee flexion
Buccinator
Where: inside of mouth Function: chewing
Clavicle
collar bone
Scapula
shoulder
Phalanges
, fingers and toes
Metacarpals
hand bones
Carpals
wrist bones
Radius
lower arm (lateral)
Ulna
lower arm (medial)
Humorous
upper arm
Ilium, Ischium, and Pubis
pelvic bones
Metatarsals
foot bones
Tarsals
ankle bones
Calcaneous
heal
Tibia
lower leg (medial)
Fibula
lower leg (lateral)
Femur
upper leg (largest bone in body)
Patella
knee
Prone
laying on stomach
Supine
flat on back
Semi-fowlers
45-75 degree angle
High-fowlers
75-90 degree angle
Trendelenberg
feet above head
Recovery
(left recumbent) on left side
brady
slow
tacky
fast
a
before
A&D
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Involuntary Muscles
cardiac and smooth muscles that can't be controlled by the mind and movement
Voluntary Muscles
skeletal muscles (attached to bone) that can be controlled by mind and movement
Skeletal Muscles
-muscles attached to bone-voluntary-contracts quickly and fatigues easily
Smooth Muscles
visceral (organ) muscles-involuntary-wall of digestive track, uterus, blood vessels-
controlled by automatic nervous system
Cardiac Muscles
-heart muscle-involuntary
Diaphysis
-compact bone-shaft of long bone-holds medullary cavity
Medullary Cavity
-within diaphysis-center of shaft-filled with yellow marrow
Epiphysis
-made of spongy bones-two extremities-where hemopoiesis occurs (production of red
blood cells)-contains red marrow
Osteocyte
mature bone cell
Fontanel
soft spot on a baby's head
Ossification
cartilage transforms into bone
Osteoblast
a cell which a bone developes
Sphincters
special circular muscle in opening of esophagus, stomach, small intestine, anus,
urethra, and mouth
Muscle Tone
muscle are partially contracted at all times
Contractures
server tightening of a flexor muscle resulting in a blending of a joint
Atrophy
when muscles shrink in size and strength when not used for a long time
Tendon
what connects bone and muscle
Ligament
what connects bone to bone
Frontalis
Where: Front of the skull Function: Pulls scalp back for face/forehead movement
Sternocleidomastoid
,Where: Side of neck Function: tilt, turn, and nod head
Deltoid
Where: Triangular muscle in shoulder Function: Flex arm, abduct arm, extend arm
Pectoralis
Where: Chest Function: Movement of shoulder joints & adducts the humerus
Latissimus Dorsi
Where: Back Function: Pulls arms back and down
External Oblique
Where: Side of abdomen Function: Pulls chest downward to compress the abdominal
cavity
Rectus Abdominus
Where: Front of abdomen ("6 pack") Function: Pulls ribs to pelvis (crunches)
Gluteus Maximus
Where: Butt Function: Movement of hips and thighs
Gastrocnemius
Where: Lower leg (posterior calf) Function: Flexing foot at ankle joint and flexing leg at
knee joint
Gracilis
Where: Medial side of thigh (inner thigh) Function: Hip adduction and assists knee
flexion
Sartorius
Where: Across front of the thigh; from hip to inner side of tibia Function: Flexes,
abducts, laterally rotates the thigh and flexes the lower leg
Vastus Lateralis
Where: Lateral side of thigh Function: extension of lower leg
Vastus Medialis
Where: Medial side of thigh Function: extends thigh
Tibialis Anterior
Where: Shins Function: Straightens or lifts foot
Biceps Branchi
Where: upper, inside part of the arm Function: forearm lifting
Brachioradialis
Where: forearm Function: flexes forearm at elbow
Trapezius
Where: upper back Function: moving, rotating, stabilizing scapula
Triceps
Where: back of arm Function: extension of elbow joint
Biceps Femoris
Where: back of knee Function: knee flexion
Buccinator
Where: inside of mouth Function: chewing
Clavicle
collar bone
Scapula
shoulder
Phalanges
, fingers and toes
Metacarpals
hand bones
Carpals
wrist bones
Radius
lower arm (lateral)
Ulna
lower arm (medial)
Humorous
upper arm
Ilium, Ischium, and Pubis
pelvic bones
Metatarsals
foot bones
Tarsals
ankle bones
Calcaneous
heal
Tibia
lower leg (medial)
Fibula
lower leg (lateral)
Femur
upper leg (largest bone in body)
Patella
knee
Prone
laying on stomach
Supine
flat on back
Semi-fowlers
45-75 degree angle
High-fowlers
75-90 degree angle
Trendelenberg
feet above head
Recovery
(left recumbent) on left side
brady
slow
tacky
fast
a
before
A&D
