Bacteriology Cheat Sheet, VETERINARY BACTERILOGY. Questions and answers, Rated A+

Bacteriology Cheat Sheet, VETERINARY BACTERILOGY. Questions and answers, Rated A+ Qualities of Gram positive:--Purple – Many peptidoclycan layers (holds blue stain) qualities of Gram negative:--Pink – Outer membrane LPS and pores, few layers of peptidoglycan. Periplasmic space between layers of peptidoglycan. Peptidoglycan: N–acetylglucosamine and N–acetylmuramic acid strung together in chains forming a mesh. (penicillin inhibits cross linking) Periplasmic space: LPS: 1) O polysaccharide: repeat 5 sequences of galactose, glucose, rhamnose, mannose. Antigenic 2). Core polysaccharides: glucose, heptose, galactose, 3). Lipid A: toxic, internal not seen by immune system. Bacteria morphology: Capsule:--Outer polysaccharide layer on some bacteria, slimy, involved in attachment, resistance to phagocytosis. Glycocalyx: slimy outer layer in some bacteria, Involved in adhesion, biofilm formation. Pilus or fimbria: Surface structure, very important in attachment of mucosal pathogens Sex Pilus: rod protruding from surface, involved in transfer of DNA between bacterial cells. Spores: Encapsulated genetic material. Made during hard times. Can remain in soil for a long time. Hightly resistant. Gaseous environment: Obligate aerobes: Facultative anaerobes: Aerotolerant anaerobes: Microaerophilic : Obligate Anaerobes:--Gaseous environment: Obligate aerobes: need o2 Facultative anaerobes: Can grow with out o2 but shift to aerobic respiration in presence of air. Aerotolerant anaerobes: Survive in air but don’t use it. Microaerophilic :Prefer reduced oxygen Obligate Anaroebes: Cannot tolerate O2. Describe the Regulation of metabolism--Regulation of metabolism 1. Negative feedback loops:. End product feeds back to stop enzyme synthesis 2. Repression: End product activates a repressor which shuts down the transcription of the enzyme 3. Induction: Repressor