Chapter 10: Industry
Industrial sectors
o Primary: The production of raw materials including farming, fishing, forestry,
mining and quarrying.
o Secondary: Manufacturing industries which include the manufacture of
processed food, iron and steel, motor vehicles and textiles.
o Tertiary: Service industries which include designing, education, health,
information technology, finance, media and government.
As the country becomes more economically developed, the percentage of its population
employed in primary industries decrease as the tertiary percentage increases. The
percentage employed in the secondary increases first then decreases.
Industrial systems
o Inputs
Raw materials: Heavy industries require raw materials that are bulky and
expensive to transport like iron and steel while light industries such as
electronics, use materials that are small in volume but of very high value.
Water supply: Chemical factories require water in its purest form
Site: Factories like motor-vehicles, oil-refining or chemical manufacturing
need large areas of land. (large-scale)
Labour: Some industries require a lot of people while other require few
people with the type of skill they need.
Capital: Start-up costs are usually given by either the government, banks
or other businesses.
Energy: Aluminum smelting for an example needs a lot of electricity.
o Processes: Different type of industries have different processes
Industrial sectors
o Primary: The production of raw materials including farming, fishing, forestry,
mining and quarrying.
o Secondary: Manufacturing industries which include the manufacture of
processed food, iron and steel, motor vehicles and textiles.
o Tertiary: Service industries which include designing, education, health,
information technology, finance, media and government.
As the country becomes more economically developed, the percentage of its population
employed in primary industries decrease as the tertiary percentage increases. The
percentage employed in the secondary increases first then decreases.
Industrial systems
o Inputs
Raw materials: Heavy industries require raw materials that are bulky and
expensive to transport like iron and steel while light industries such as
electronics, use materials that are small in volume but of very high value.
Water supply: Chemical factories require water in its purest form
Site: Factories like motor-vehicles, oil-refining or chemical manufacturing
need large areas of land. (large-scale)
Labour: Some industries require a lot of people while other require few
people with the type of skill they need.
Capital: Start-up costs are usually given by either the government, banks
or other businesses.
Energy: Aluminum smelting for an example needs a lot of electricity.
o Processes: Different type of industries have different processes
