ISA Arborist Chapter 1 Questions and
Answers (Graded A)
Abscission Zone - ANSWER-Area at the base of the petiole where cellular break down
leads to leaf and fruit drop.
Absorbing root - ANSWER-Fine,fibrous roots that take up water and minerals. Most
absorbing roots are within the top 12 inches (30cm) of soil.
Adventitious bud - ANSWER-Bud arising from a place other than a leaf axil or shoot
tip,usually as a result of hormonal triggers.
Aerial root - ANSWER-Aboveground roots. Usually adventitious in nature and
sometimes having unique adaptive functions.
Angiosperm - ANSWER-Plant with seeds borne in an ovary. Consist of two large
groups: Monocotyledons(grasses, palms,and related plants) and dicotyledons(most
woody trees,shrubs,herbaceous plants,and related plants). Contrast with gymnosperms.
Anthocyanin - ANSWER-Red or purple pigment responsible for those colors in some
parts of trees and other plants. Compare to carotenoid.
Antitranspirant - ANSWER-Substance applied to the foliage of plants to reduce water
loss(transpiration)
Apical bud - ANSWER-Bud at the tip of a twig or shoot.
Apical dominance - ANSWER-Condition in which the terminal bud inhibits the growth
and development of the lateral buds on the same stem formed during the same season.
Apical meristem - ANSWER-Growing point at the tips of shoots and roots.
Apoplasm - ANSWER-Free spaces in plant tissue. Includes cell walls and intracellular
spaces. Contrast with Symplasm.
Auxin - ANSWER-Plant hormone or substance that promotes or regulates the growth
and development of plants. Produced at sites were cells are dividing,primarily in the
shoot tips. Auxin-like compounds may be synthetically produced.
Axial transport - ANSWER-Movement of water,minerals or Photosynthates longitudinally
with in a tree.
, Axillary bud - ANSWER-Bud in the axil of a leaf. Lateral bud.
Branch bark ridge - ANSWER-Raised strip of bark at the top of a branch union, where
the growth and expansion of the trunk or parent stem and adjoining branch push the
bark into a ridge.
Branch collar - ANSWER-Area were a branch joins another branch or trunk that is
created by the over lapping vascular tissues from both the branch and the trunk.
Typically enlarged at the base of the branch.
Bud - ANSWER-(1) small lateral or terminal protuberance on the stem of a plant that
may develop into a flower shoot. (2) Underdeveloped flower or shoot containing a
meristematic growing point.
Buttress root - ANSWER-Roots at the trunk base that help support the tree and equalize
mechanical stress.
Cambium - ANSWER-Thin layer(s) of meristematic cells that give rise (outward)to the
phloem and (inward) to the xylem,increasing stem and root diameter.
Carbohydrate - ANSWER-Compound,combining carbon,hydrogen,and oxygen,that is
produced by plants as a result of photosynthesis. Sugars and starches.
Carotenoid - ANSWER-Yellow,orange,or red pigment responsible for those colors in
some parts of the trees and other plants. Compare to Anthocyanin
Cellulose - ANSWER-Complex carbohydrate found in the cellular walls of the majority of
plants and algae and certain fungi.
Chlorophyll - ANSWER-Green pigment of plants found in the chloroplast. Captures the
energy of the sun and is essential in photosynthesis .
Chloroplast - ANSWER-Specialized organelle found in some cells. Site of
photosynthesis .
CODIT - ANSWER-Acronym for Compartmentalization Of decay in trees.
Companion cell - ANSWER-Specialized cell in the angiosperm phloem derived from the
same parent cell as the closely associated,immediately adjacent sieve tube member.
Compartmentalization - ANSWER-Natural defense process in trees by which chemical
and physical boundaries are created that act to limit the spread of disease and decay
organisms.
Answers (Graded A)
Abscission Zone - ANSWER-Area at the base of the petiole where cellular break down
leads to leaf and fruit drop.
Absorbing root - ANSWER-Fine,fibrous roots that take up water and minerals. Most
absorbing roots are within the top 12 inches (30cm) of soil.
Adventitious bud - ANSWER-Bud arising from a place other than a leaf axil or shoot
tip,usually as a result of hormonal triggers.
Aerial root - ANSWER-Aboveground roots. Usually adventitious in nature and
sometimes having unique adaptive functions.
Angiosperm - ANSWER-Plant with seeds borne in an ovary. Consist of two large
groups: Monocotyledons(grasses, palms,and related plants) and dicotyledons(most
woody trees,shrubs,herbaceous plants,and related plants). Contrast with gymnosperms.
Anthocyanin - ANSWER-Red or purple pigment responsible for those colors in some
parts of trees and other plants. Compare to carotenoid.
Antitranspirant - ANSWER-Substance applied to the foliage of plants to reduce water
loss(transpiration)
Apical bud - ANSWER-Bud at the tip of a twig or shoot.
Apical dominance - ANSWER-Condition in which the terminal bud inhibits the growth
and development of the lateral buds on the same stem formed during the same season.
Apical meristem - ANSWER-Growing point at the tips of shoots and roots.
Apoplasm - ANSWER-Free spaces in plant tissue. Includes cell walls and intracellular
spaces. Contrast with Symplasm.
Auxin - ANSWER-Plant hormone or substance that promotes or regulates the growth
and development of plants. Produced at sites were cells are dividing,primarily in the
shoot tips. Auxin-like compounds may be synthetically produced.
Axial transport - ANSWER-Movement of water,minerals or Photosynthates longitudinally
with in a tree.
, Axillary bud - ANSWER-Bud in the axil of a leaf. Lateral bud.
Branch bark ridge - ANSWER-Raised strip of bark at the top of a branch union, where
the growth and expansion of the trunk or parent stem and adjoining branch push the
bark into a ridge.
Branch collar - ANSWER-Area were a branch joins another branch or trunk that is
created by the over lapping vascular tissues from both the branch and the trunk.
Typically enlarged at the base of the branch.
Bud - ANSWER-(1) small lateral or terminal protuberance on the stem of a plant that
may develop into a flower shoot. (2) Underdeveloped flower or shoot containing a
meristematic growing point.
Buttress root - ANSWER-Roots at the trunk base that help support the tree and equalize
mechanical stress.
Cambium - ANSWER-Thin layer(s) of meristematic cells that give rise (outward)to the
phloem and (inward) to the xylem,increasing stem and root diameter.
Carbohydrate - ANSWER-Compound,combining carbon,hydrogen,and oxygen,that is
produced by plants as a result of photosynthesis. Sugars and starches.
Carotenoid - ANSWER-Yellow,orange,or red pigment responsible for those colors in
some parts of the trees and other plants. Compare to Anthocyanin
Cellulose - ANSWER-Complex carbohydrate found in the cellular walls of the majority of
plants and algae and certain fungi.
Chlorophyll - ANSWER-Green pigment of plants found in the chloroplast. Captures the
energy of the sun and is essential in photosynthesis .
Chloroplast - ANSWER-Specialized organelle found in some cells. Site of
photosynthesis .
CODIT - ANSWER-Acronym for Compartmentalization Of decay in trees.
Companion cell - ANSWER-Specialized cell in the angiosperm phloem derived from the
same parent cell as the closely associated,immediately adjacent sieve tube member.
Compartmentalization - ANSWER-Natural defense process in trees by which chemical
and physical boundaries are created that act to limit the spread of disease and decay
organisms.
