NUR2063 Final Exam Elaborations latest Update 2023|2024 Graded A+

What findings would you expect in someone with an anaphylactic reaction? - Answer Bronchodilation, airway constriction, Manifestations of a type 1 hypersensitivity – answer GI allergy Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain Skin manifestations Urticaria (hives) Mucosa allergens Conjunctivitis, rhinitis, asthma Lung allergens Bronchospasm, edema, thick secretions · Manifestations of fight/flight response - answerIncrease HR, increased respirations, diaphoresis, pupil dilation, increased blood flow to muscles, strength, alertness, decreased inflammation o Complication of compartment syndrome - answerresults from increased pressure in a compartment, usually the muscle fascia in the case of fractures o What is contact dermatitis? - answerAcute inflammatory reaction triggered by direct exposure to an irritant or allergen-producing substance o Clinical manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) - answerFatigue, anorexia, fever, malaise, muscle spasms, morning stiffness, warmth and tenderness in joints, anemia, depression, unsteady gait o What is Muscular Dystrophy? – answer Group of inherited, noninflammatory disorders characterized by degeneration of skeletal muscle. Fat and fibrosis connective tissues eventually replace skeletal muscle fibers, progressively weakening the muscles. o Steps of hemostasis – answer Vascular spasm, platelet plug, and coagulation o Causes of Gout – answer Hyperuricemia over production or under of uric acid o Kyphosis – answer Increase in the curvature of the thoracic spine outward Lordosis – answer Exaggerated Concave of the lumbar spine Scoliosis – answer Lateral deviation of the spine that may affect the thoracic or lumbar area or both Crohns disease - Intestinal wall inflammation - fissures - answer§ Complications - anemia, fistulas, electrolyte, and pH imbalances § Manifestations - Cramping, diarrhea, constipation, weight loss Ulcerative colitis - Colon mucosa inflammation - necrotic epithelial tissue - answer§ Complications - anemia, hemorrhage, strictures, fistulas, toxic megacolon, carcinoma, electrolyte, and fluid imbalance § Manifestations - diarrhea, bloody and watery stool, weight loss, nausea, vomiting Review the main types of mechanical bowel obstruction discussed - answerForeign bodies, tumors, adhesions, hernias, intussusception, volvulus, strictures, diverticulitis, crohns disease, hirchsprungs disease, fecal impaction H. Pylori- What is it and what it causes. - answerCauses chronic gastritis, bacteria that releases toxins in the mucous layer Clinical manifestation of appendicitis - answerAbdominal pain LRQ, subsides if it ruptures, but returns and escalates, nausea, vomiting, distension, bowel changes What is cystitis? - answerInflammation of the bladder - bladder and urethra wall become red and swollen Manifestations - UTI symptoms, abdominal pain What is pyelonephritis ? - answero Infection in the kidneys o Caused by E. Coli What would cause a prerenal kidney injury - answerLow BP, heart issue, hypovolemia Phases of acute renal injury - answero Prerenal conditions - low BP o Intrarenal conditions - reduce blood supply to kidneys o Postrenal conditions - Ureter obstruction Enuresis - answerbed wetting transient incontinence - answertemporary condition stress incontinence - answerreduced urine pressure by coughing sneezing urge incontinence - answerintense urge to urinate reflex incontinence - answercaused by trauma or damage to nervous system overflow incontinence – answer inability to empty the bladder, or retention functional incontinence – answer physical or mental impairment What is the purpose of dialysis for a patient with kidney disease? – answer To filter and remove toxins that the kidneys are unable to rid the body of due to failure, or reduced ability Hemopoietin - answerproduced by kidneys - stimulates red blood cell production in bone marrow Renin - answerenzyme secreted by kidneys that participates in RAAS - mediates volume of ECF HSV 1 - answerinfection above the waist (Cold sores) HSV 2 - answerGenetal herpes - causes cancer What is the type of incontinence caused by an increase in intraabdominal pressure? - answerStress Possible complication from having human papilloma virus (HPV) - answerGenital warts - cervical cancer What organisms would be associated with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)? - answero Neisseria gonorrhoeae o Chlamydia trachomatis o Men with BPH suffer from what complication of the disorder? - answero Trouble urinating, infection, pain urinating, decreased flow o What electrolyte disorder is associated with SIADH - answero Hyponatermia - sodium deficiency o What causes SIADH - answero Excess production of antidiuretic hormone - HYPERPITUITARISM... Head trauma, medications, stroke, meningitis. hypothyroidism manifestations - answero fatigue, sluggishness, increased sensitivity to cold, constipation, pale and dry skin, facial edema, hoarseness, hypercholesterolemia, unexplained weight gain, myalgia, arthralgia, muscle weakness, heavier than normal menstrual periods, brittle fingernails, hair loss or thinning, bradycardia, hypotension, constipation, depression, and goiter hyperthyroidism - answero - sudden weight loss, tachycardia, hypertension, increased appetite, nervousness, anxiety or anxiety attacks, irritability, tremor (usually a fine trembling in the hands), diaphoresis, changes in menstrual patterns, increased sensitivity to heat, diarrhea, goiter, difficulty sleeping, and exophthalmos o What causes diabetes insipidus? – answer o Deficient antidiuretic hormone levels o What condition leads to excessive amount of the growth hormone in adulthood? - answero Acromegaly type 1 diabetes mellitus – answer diabetes in which no beta-cell production of insulin occurs and the patient is dependent on insulin for survival / immune response type 2 diabetes mellitus – answer diabetes in which either the body produces insufficient insulin or insulin resistance