ATI PROCTORED MED SURGE FINAL EXAM PRACTICE B 2021(UPDATED 2023)

1. A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has AIDS. Which of the following statement by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching? I will take my temp once a day- A client who has AIDS is immunocompromised and is at risk for infection. The client should check their temperature daily to identify a temperature greater than 37.8° C (100° F), which is an early manifestation of an infection A client who has AIDS is immunocompromised and is at risk for infection. Therefore, the client should avoid drinking a glass of liquid that stands for 60 min or more to reduce the risk of drinking contaminated liquids A client who has AIDS is immunocompromised and is at risk for infection. Therefore, the client should avoid eating raw fruits and vegetables that can contain bacteria and cause infection. The nurse should advise the client to eat a low-bacteria diet. A client who has AIDS is immunocompromised and is at risk for infection. Therefore, the client should clean their toothbrush weekly in the dishwasher or in a bleach solution to destroy micro-organisms 2. A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has asthma about the use of a metered- dose inhaler. The nurse should identify that which of the following client actions indicates an understanding of the teaching? Holding breath for 10 secs after inhaling- The client should hold their breath for 10 seconds after inhaling so the medication can move deep into the airways The client should wait at least 1 min between puffs on the inhaler so each dose has adequate time for maximum effectiveness The client should either rinse the plastic case and cap of the inhaler with warm running tap water once daily or soak it in 480 mL (16 oz) of water with 60 mL (2 oz) of vinegar once per week The client should breathe in slowly and deeply while administering the medication to receive the maximum effect of the medication 3. A nurse is reviewing the lab findings of a client who developed chest pain 6 hr ago. The nurse should identify which of the following findings as an indication of a MI? Troponin- Troponins are proteins present in skeletal and cardiac muscle that are involved with muscle contraction. The elevation of either troponin T or troponin I is an indication of cardiac injury. The client's laboratory value is above the expected reference range for troponin I, indicating an MI has occurred ALT is an enzyme that is found primarily in the liver, although it can also be detected in the kidneys, heart, and skeletal muscle. Increases in this enzyme are associated with injury or disease. However, because the enzyme is not specific to the heart, its use as a diagnostic tool for MI is limited. An ALT value of 28 units/L is within the expected reference range HDL removes cholesterol from the tissues and blood stream for transport to the liver. Low levels of HDL increase a client's risk for cardiovascular disease. However, this value is not useful in monitoring a client who has had a suspected MI. An HDL level of 65 mg/dL is within the expected reference range CK-MB is found in the heart, skeletal muscle, and brain tissue, and is elevated within 6 hr after an injury occurs. 4. A nurse is caring for a client who had a nephrostomy tube inserted 12 hr ago. Which of the following findings around soil, in the garden, and houseplants because this type of exposure increases the client's risk of infection The nurse should instruct the client to avoid eating salads, or any kind of raw fruits or vegetables, because these can contain micro-organisms and place the client at risk for an infection 6. A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client who is postop following a modified radical mastectomy. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? Numbness can occur along the inside of the affected arm- The nurse should instruct the client that numbness can occur near the incision and along the inside of the affected arm due to nerve injury. The nurse should instruct the client to stand upright and avoid flexing the affected arm when ambulating to reduce the risk for elbow contracture. The nurse should instruct the client to begin active range-of-motion exercises 1 week after surgery to increase mobility without causing stress on the incision. The nurse should instruct the client to dress in loose-fitting clothing to reduce the risk of stress on the incision 7. A nurse is providing postop teaching for a client who had a total knee arthroplasty. Which if the following instruction should the nurse include? Flex the foot every hour when awake- The nurse should instruct the client to flex the foot every hour to reduce the risk for thromboembolism and promote venous return. The nurse should instruct the client to avoid placing pillows under the knee to prevent flexion contractures. The nurse should instruct the client to elevate the leg when sitting in a chair to reduce edema and pain. The nurse should instruct the client to keep the operative leg in a neutral position when resting in bed to prevent dislocation of the knee. 8. A nurse is providing education to a client who is at risk for osteoporosis. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? Walk for 30 mins 4Xweek- Weight-bearing exercises promote bone mass. Therefore, walking can help the client prevent osteoporosis. Clients who have osteoarthritis can take glucosamine for pain. It is not indicated as a prevention for osteoporosis