ESOL CST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
WITH CERTIFIED SOLUTIONS
passive voice ✔✔subject received the action instead of performing it
monitoring ✔✔learning strategy: Krashen hypothesizes that language instruction results in the
creation of a mental monitor through which the learner filters spoken and written output. The
monitor aids
learners in achieving accuracy, but may hinder the development of fluency. The ideal is a
balance where
the student has opportunities for unrestricted fluency and for using the monitor to "edit" and
develop
accuracy.
BICS-Basic Interpersonal
Communication Skills ✔✔The skills involved in everyday communication - listening, speaking,
carrying on basic
conversation, understanding speakers and getting one's basic needs met.
CALP-Cognitive Academic
, Language Proficiency ✔✔The skills that are needed to succeed in the academic classroom,
including problem
solving, inferring, analyzing,
synthesizing, and predicting. They go beyond the BICS, demanding much greater competence in
the language.
Comprehensible Input: ✔✔Students learn best when exposed to samples of
the target language that are at or just above the student's current level of acquisition of the
language. Teachers
can ensure that the language used in the classroom is comprehensible by
evaluating the students on the Stages of Language Acquisition.
Low Affective Filter: ✔✔Students are best able to absorb and mentally process the language
input they receive
when they are in an environment where they are relaxed and their
anxiety level is low. The teacher can provide this by making the classroom a warm, supportive
place where students feel free to take risks with language.
register ✔✔degree of formality
WITH CERTIFIED SOLUTIONS
passive voice ✔✔subject received the action instead of performing it
monitoring ✔✔learning strategy: Krashen hypothesizes that language instruction results in the
creation of a mental monitor through which the learner filters spoken and written output. The
monitor aids
learners in achieving accuracy, but may hinder the development of fluency. The ideal is a
balance where
the student has opportunities for unrestricted fluency and for using the monitor to "edit" and
develop
accuracy.
BICS-Basic Interpersonal
Communication Skills ✔✔The skills involved in everyday communication - listening, speaking,
carrying on basic
conversation, understanding speakers and getting one's basic needs met.
CALP-Cognitive Academic
, Language Proficiency ✔✔The skills that are needed to succeed in the academic classroom,
including problem
solving, inferring, analyzing,
synthesizing, and predicting. They go beyond the BICS, demanding much greater competence in
the language.
Comprehensible Input: ✔✔Students learn best when exposed to samples of
the target language that are at or just above the student's current level of acquisition of the
language. Teachers
can ensure that the language used in the classroom is comprehensible by
evaluating the students on the Stages of Language Acquisition.
Low Affective Filter: ✔✔Students are best able to absorb and mentally process the language
input they receive
when they are in an environment where they are relaxed and their
anxiety level is low. The teacher can provide this by making the classroom a warm, supportive
place where students feel free to take risks with language.
register ✔✔degree of formality
