HNF 150 Exam 1 WITH ANSWERS

HNF 150 Exam 1 WITH ANSWERS In a study, Group A was given vitamin C while group B received water. At the end of the study, the amount of colds each group got during the study period was recorded. What kind of study is this an example of? - ANSWER- Intervention If ALL Americans' intake of vitamin C is the same as the EAR, _____% of Americans are predicted to show deficiency symptoms? - ANSWER- 50 Vitamin D has an Al, but not an RDA. This means that: - ANSWER- insufficient data exists to establish the RDA value T/F: All of the nutrients EXCEPT water provide calories - ANSWER- False What is true concerning essential nutrients? - ANSWER- the body cannot produce them so they must be consumed in the diet US food labels and health and nutrition claims are regulated by the: - ANSWER- Food and Drug Administration (FDA) According to the definition by the FDA, which of the following is a nutrient claim? - ANSWER- According to the 2015 Dietary Guidelines, which of the following is recommended for an American's diet? - ANSWER- consume more plant-based foods Foods that are rich in non-energy yielding nutrients relative to their energy contents are foods with high _____: - ANSWER- nutrient density What are phytochemicals? - ANSWER- Chemical compounds derived from plants What type of study is performed under tightly controlled situations and often involves animals? - ANSWER- Laboratory Suppose it is determined that 50% of Americans need 50 mg of a vitamin to avoid deficiency and 98% of Americans need 98 mg to avoid the deficiency. Where will the food and nutrition board set the RDA for the population? - ANSWER- 98 mg Which of the following is the amount of a nutrient that could cause toxicity? - ANSWER- UL Which of the following contains more calories per gram than alcohol? - ANSWER- Lipids What is NOT an example of an organic nutrient? - ANSWER- water The FDA defines "nutrient claim" as a claim on a food product that characterizes: - ANSWER- the level of a nutrient in the food T/F: Nutrition label that states trans fat free may contain some trans fat - ANSWER- true Which of the following recommendations is one of the 2015 Dietary Guidelines for Americans? - ANSWER- Reduce intake of red and processed meats All of the following are examples of nutrient dense food choices except: - ANSWER- butter A functional food is a food that: - ANSWER- has nutrients that may protect against diseases T/F: the immune system is influenced by nutrition: - ANSWER- true The lymphatic system is responsible for transporting _____ to the blood system: - ANSWER- Fat Adequate circulation requires three components, one of which is: - ANSWER- good nutrition to replenish and supply the body with nutrients The hormone responsible for the release of glucose from the liver is: - ANSWER- Glucagon A protein that speeds up a specific chemical reaction without undergoing changes itself is known as a(n): - ANSWER- enzyme Insulin is secreted by the _____ when blood glucose is ____ in order to take sugar out of the blood and into cells - ANSWER- pancreas, high Which of the following does NOT occur as part of the flight or fight response? - ANSWER- the digestive system speeds up T/F: Plasma is the fluid in the blood and lymph that is contained within cells - ANSWER- false the stomach's main function is the denaturation of what nutrient? - ANSWER- protein T/F: Mechanical digestion is the breakdown of nutrient by enzymes? - ANSWER- False Which of the following is used to emulsify fat? - ANSWER- bile As food moves through the digestive tract it spends the most time in the_____: - ANSWER- large intestine because of the need to partially digest fiber and absorb water Digestion of foods includes the mechanical actions of: - ANSWER- peristalsis waves to move the foods down through the digestive tract Which of the following digestive disorders is caused by the bacterium Helicobacter pylori? - ANSWER- peptic ulcer The leading cause of peptic ulcer disease is ____: - ANSWER- helicobacter pylori infection probiotics may be the most useful in treating ____: - ANSWER- diarrhea An example of a probiotic is ____: - ANSWER- bacteria in yogurt How many calories per gram does alcohol provide? - ANSWER- 7 T/F: Alcohol is digested in the small intestine before it is absorbed - ANSWER- False The dietary guidelines specify that men should NOT have more than 2 alcoholic drinks/day, and women should NOT have more than ___ alcoholic drink/per day - ANSWER- 1 T/F: Simple sugars, fiber, and glycogen are all types of carbohydrates - ANSWER- true The chief energy source of the body is : - ANSWER- glucose T/F: Blood glucose regulation depends on the hormones insulin and glucagon - ANSWER- true A compound of long strands of glucose units linked together is a ___: - ANSWER- polysaccharide What are three single sugars or monosaccharides found in food - ANSWER- glucose, galactose, fructose Which of these is NOT a symptom of Type 1 diabetes - ANSWER- reduced thirst Which of the following is NOT a sign of diabetes - ANSWER- normal glucose in the blood Most dietary fibers are broken down by ___: - ANSWER- bacteria in the colon Which of the following is NOT a fate of glucose after it reaches the liver? - ANSWER- Most carbohydrate digestion occurs in the ____: - ANSWER- small intestine What is the name of the human storage form of glucose? - ANSWER- glycogen Which of the following remains after the milling of refined grains? - ANSWER- endosperm Refined grains removes all except - ANSWER- endosperm Which of the following is a monosaccharide - ANSWER- fructose What is starch? - ANSWER- A plant polysaccharide composed of glucose Which of the following happens in the body when blood glucose starts to fall? - ANSWER- Glucagon triggers the breakdown of glycogen in the liver T/F: After a large meal there is a large rise in the blood glucose concentration and a resulting decrease in insulin levels - ANSWER- false What is the storage form of glucose found in liver and muscle cells - ANSWER- glycogen Which organ in the body is responsible for converting absorbed monosaccharides into glucose? - ANSWER- liver The system that is responsible for transporting glucose to cells for storage or energy is the ___: - ANSWER- circulatory What type of study is performed under tightly controlled situations and often involves animals - ANSWER- laboratory T/F: The institute of Medicine establishes an EAR and RDA for ALL nutrients - ANSWER- false How many calories per gram does protein contain - ANSWER- 4 Which of the following nutrients does NOT supply energy/calories in an individual's diet - ANSWER- vitamins The 2015 Dietary guidelines for Am