Nervous System & Endocrine System Questions with Answers

Nervous System & Endocrine System Questions with Answers Hormone - ANSWER- Chemical messengers, mostly those manufactured by the endocrine glands, that are produced in one tissue and affect another Endocrine Gland - ANSWER- Glands of the endocrine system that release hormones into the bloodstream Adrenaline - ANSWER- A hormone released into the bloodstream in response to physical or mental stress Testosterone - ANSWER- Male sex hormone Oestrogen - ANSWER- The female sex hormone responsible for sexual development. Neuron - ANSWER- A nerve cell; the basic building block of the nervous system Central Nervous System - ANSWER- Consists of the brain and spinal cord Peripheral Nervous System - ANSWER- The sensory and motor neurons that connect the CNS to the rest of the body Stimulus - ANSWER- A signal to which an organism responds Response - ANSWER- An action or change in behaviour that occurs as a result of a stimulus. Sensory Neuron - ANSWER- Neurons that carry incoming information from the sensory receptors to the brain and spinal cord Receptor - ANSWER- Receives information about stimuli from our external and internal environment Motor Neuron - ANSWER- A neuron that sends an impulse to a muscle or gland, causing the muscle or gland to react Effector - ANSWER- An organ (a gland or muscle) that becomes active (performs an action) in response to nerve impulses. Reflex - ANSWER- A simple, automatic, inborn response to a sensory stimulus, such as the knee-jerk response. Synapse - ANSWER- Gap between neurons Axon - ANSWER- A threadlike extension of a neuron that carries nerve impulses away from the cell body. Cell Body - ANSWER- Largest part of a typical neuron; contains the nucleus and much of the cytoplasm Dendrite - ANSWER- Branchlike parts of a neuron that are specialized to receive information. Neurotransmitter - ANSWER- Chemical released by a neuron into the synapse to activate the next neuron, allowing the impulse/information to move to the next neuron. Glucagon - ANSWER- A hormone secreted that increases blood glucose concentration Impulse - ANSWER- The signal or 'information' which is sent through our nerves Photoreceptor - ANSWER- A receptor that responds to light Homeostasis - ANSWER- An ability which allows organisms to maintain a stable internal environment Insulin - ANSWER- A hormone produced by the pancreas to lower blood glucose levels Thermoreceptor - ANSWER- A receptor that responds to changes in temperature. Mechanoreceptor - ANSWER- A sensory receptor that responds to mechanical stimulation (pressure, vibration, or movement) Myelin Sheath - ANSWER- Covers the axon of some neurons and helps speed neural impulses Sex Hormones - ANSWER- Hormones that regulate the development and functioning of reproductive organs (testosterone, oestrogen