PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM Q&A
• 1. With which medical diagnosis is meconium ileus often associated?
a. Muscular dystrophy c. Cystic fibrosis
b. Cerebral palsy d. Congenital aganglionic megacolon
• Which medication compensates for the deficiency that occurs as a result of cystic fibrosis?
a. Salt tablets c. Antihypertensives
b. Pancreatic enzymes d. Antibiotics
• What is the most common clinical manifestation of osteoporosis?
a. Bone deformity c. Pathologic fracture
b. Bone pain d. Muscle strain
• The failure of bones to ossify, resulting in soft bones and skeletal deformity,
characterizes which disorder?
A. Osteogenesis imperfecta c. Osteochondrosis
B. Rickets d. Legg-Calvé-Perthes
disease 67. Which bones are affected by Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease?
a. Heads of the femur c. Heads of the humerus
b. Distal femurs d. Distal tibias
• Which cells of the dermis release histamine and play a role in the hypersensitivity
reactions of the skin?
A. Histiocytes c. Mast cells
B. Fibroblasts d. Macrophages
• Which inflammatory mediators are active in frostbite? (Select all that apply.)
A. Leukotrienes
B. Histamine
C. Prostaglandins
D. Bradykinin
E. Thromboxanes
• Which characteristics allow erythrocytes to function as gas carriers? (Select all that apply.)
a. Permanent shape
b. Compactness
c. Reversible deformability
d. Presence of hyperactive mitochondria
e. Biconcavity
• What are the common clinical manifestations of endometriosis? (Select all that apply.)
A. Back and flank pain
B. Infertility
C. Dysuria
D. Amenorrhea
E. Dysmenorrhea
• What theory is used to describe the cause of endometriosis?
A. Obstruction within the fallopian tubes prevents the endometrial tissue
from adhering to the lining of the uterus.
, B. Endometrial tissue passes through the fallopian tubes and into the peritoneal
cavity and remains responsive to hormones.
C. Inflammation of the endometrial tissue develops after recurrent
sexually transmitted diseases.
D. Endometrial tissue lies dormant in the uterus until the ovaries produce
sufficient hormone to stimulate its growth.
• Which statements are true regarding osteocytes? (Select all that apply.)
A. An osteocyte is a transformed osteoblast.
B. An osteocyte obtains nutrients from capillaries in the canaliculi.
C. The functioning of an osteocyte is well understood.
D. Osteocytes signal osteoclasts and osteoblasts to form new bone.
E. An osteocyte helps maintain levels of calcium and phosphorus in blood plasma.
• Which minerals are stored in bones? (Select all that apply.)
a. Carbonate
b. Phosphate
c. Selenium
d. Magnesium
e. Calcium
• Which statements are true regarding bone growth before adulthood? (Select all that apply.)
A. Growth in the length of bone occurs at the physical plate.
B. Growth occurs through endochondral ossification.
C. Bone growth takes place under hormonal control.
D. Cartilage cells at the epiphyseal side of the physical plate multiply and enlarge.
E. Cartilage cells at the metaphyseal side of the plate are replaced by bone.
• What is the belief regarding twins who adopt dramatically different lifestyles?
a. They may experience very different aging processes.
b. They will retain very similar methylation patterns.
c. They will experience identical phenotypes throughout their lifespans.
d. They may never demonstrate similar DNA sequences in their somatic cells.
Which action is the purpose of the inflammatory process? To prevent infection of the
injured tissue
• What causes the edema that occurs during the inflammatory process: Increased
capillary permeability
• What process causes heat and redness to occur during the inflammatory process?
Vasodilation of blood vessels
• Which type of immunity is produced by an individual after either natural exposure to
the antigen or after immunization against the antigen? Active-acquired immunity
• What type of immunity is produced when an immunoglobulin crosses the placenta?
Passive-acquired immunity
• Which immunoglobulin is present in blood, saliva, breast milk, and respiratory secretions?
IgA
• Which antibody initially indicates a typical primary immune response? IgM
• An individual is more susceptible to infections of mucous membranes when he or she has
a seriously low level of which immunoglobulin antibody? IgA
• Evaluation of umbilical cord blood can confirm which immunoglobulin level is near
adult levels. IgG
• Which statement is true concerning the IgM? IgM is the first antibody produced
during the initial response to an antigen.
• The common hay fever allergy is expressed through a reaction that is mediated by
which class of immunoglobulins? IgE
• 1. With which medical diagnosis is meconium ileus often associated?
a. Muscular dystrophy c. Cystic fibrosis
b. Cerebral palsy d. Congenital aganglionic megacolon
• Which medication compensates for the deficiency that occurs as a result of cystic fibrosis?
a. Salt tablets c. Antihypertensives
b. Pancreatic enzymes d. Antibiotics
• What is the most common clinical manifestation of osteoporosis?
a. Bone deformity c. Pathologic fracture
b. Bone pain d. Muscle strain
• The failure of bones to ossify, resulting in soft bones and skeletal deformity,
characterizes which disorder?
A. Osteogenesis imperfecta c. Osteochondrosis
B. Rickets d. Legg-Calvé-Perthes
disease 67. Which bones are affected by Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease?
a. Heads of the femur c. Heads of the humerus
b. Distal femurs d. Distal tibias
• Which cells of the dermis release histamine and play a role in the hypersensitivity
reactions of the skin?
A. Histiocytes c. Mast cells
B. Fibroblasts d. Macrophages
• Which inflammatory mediators are active in frostbite? (Select all that apply.)
A. Leukotrienes
B. Histamine
C. Prostaglandins
D. Bradykinin
E. Thromboxanes
• Which characteristics allow erythrocytes to function as gas carriers? (Select all that apply.)
a. Permanent shape
b. Compactness
c. Reversible deformability
d. Presence of hyperactive mitochondria
e. Biconcavity
• What are the common clinical manifestations of endometriosis? (Select all that apply.)
A. Back and flank pain
B. Infertility
C. Dysuria
D. Amenorrhea
E. Dysmenorrhea
• What theory is used to describe the cause of endometriosis?
A. Obstruction within the fallopian tubes prevents the endometrial tissue
from adhering to the lining of the uterus.
, B. Endometrial tissue passes through the fallopian tubes and into the peritoneal
cavity and remains responsive to hormones.
C. Inflammation of the endometrial tissue develops after recurrent
sexually transmitted diseases.
D. Endometrial tissue lies dormant in the uterus until the ovaries produce
sufficient hormone to stimulate its growth.
• Which statements are true regarding osteocytes? (Select all that apply.)
A. An osteocyte is a transformed osteoblast.
B. An osteocyte obtains nutrients from capillaries in the canaliculi.
C. The functioning of an osteocyte is well understood.
D. Osteocytes signal osteoclasts and osteoblasts to form new bone.
E. An osteocyte helps maintain levels of calcium and phosphorus in blood plasma.
• Which minerals are stored in bones? (Select all that apply.)
a. Carbonate
b. Phosphate
c. Selenium
d. Magnesium
e. Calcium
• Which statements are true regarding bone growth before adulthood? (Select all that apply.)
A. Growth in the length of bone occurs at the physical plate.
B. Growth occurs through endochondral ossification.
C. Bone growth takes place under hormonal control.
D. Cartilage cells at the epiphyseal side of the physical plate multiply and enlarge.
E. Cartilage cells at the metaphyseal side of the plate are replaced by bone.
• What is the belief regarding twins who adopt dramatically different lifestyles?
a. They may experience very different aging processes.
b. They will retain very similar methylation patterns.
c. They will experience identical phenotypes throughout their lifespans.
d. They may never demonstrate similar DNA sequences in their somatic cells.
Which action is the purpose of the inflammatory process? To prevent infection of the
injured tissue
• What causes the edema that occurs during the inflammatory process: Increased
capillary permeability
• What process causes heat and redness to occur during the inflammatory process?
Vasodilation of blood vessels
• Which type of immunity is produced by an individual after either natural exposure to
the antigen or after immunization against the antigen? Active-acquired immunity
• What type of immunity is produced when an immunoglobulin crosses the placenta?
Passive-acquired immunity
• Which immunoglobulin is present in blood, saliva, breast milk, and respiratory secretions?
IgA
• Which antibody initially indicates a typical primary immune response? IgM
• An individual is more susceptible to infections of mucous membranes when he or she has
a seriously low level of which immunoglobulin antibody? IgA
• Evaluation of umbilical cord blood can confirm which immunoglobulin level is near
adult levels. IgG
• Which statement is true concerning the IgM? IgM is the first antibody produced
during the initial response to an antigen.
• The common hay fever allergy is expressed through a reaction that is mediated by
which class of immunoglobulins? IgE
