HONDROS NUR160 - EXAM 2
Covering Lectures 7 - 12 and Lab weeks 4 - 6
Name the process that keeps fluids in balance -ANSW- Homeostasis
Intake must equal output to maintain what? -ANSW- Homeostasis
Fluid intake is regulated by what mechanism? -ANSW- Thirst Mechanism
Name the receptors in the hypothalamus that measures the concentration of blood that
can signal the sensation of thirst. -ANSW- Osmoreceptors
What is the daily intake and output of water? -ANSW- 2500 mL
A condition in which the liquid portion of the blood (plasma) is too low. -ANSW-
Hypovolemia
A condition in which the liquid portion of the blood (plasma) is too high -ANSW-
Hypervolemia
Decreased blood pressure and an increased heart rate is a sign of what fluid
imbalance? -ANSW- Hypovolemia
High blood pressure, edema, skin weeping, and an increased heart rate are signs of
what fluid imbalance? -ANSW- Hypervolemia
Fluid within cells -ANSW- intracellular
Fluid outside cells -ANSW- extracellular
Fluid within blood vessels -ANSW- intravascular
Fluid in tissues (between cells or in body spaces) -ANSW- Interstitial
Plasma is an example of what type of fluid? -ANSW- Intravascular
Lymph, cerebrospinal fluid, intraocular fluid, gastrointestinal secretions, urine,
perspiration, and exudates are examples of what type of fluid? -ANSW- Interstitial
A substance that develops a electrical charge when it dissolves in water. -ANSW-
Electrolyte
1 liter of fluid equals how many kilograms? -ANSW- 1 kg
,1 liter of fluid equals how many pounds? -ANSW- 2.2 lbs
Urine specific gravity measures what? -ANSW- Urine concentration
A urine specific gravity MORE THAN 1.030 would indicate what two things? -ANSW-
Concentrated Urine and Dehydration
A urine specific gravity of LESS THAN 1.003 - 1.000 would indicate what two things? -
ANSW- Diluted Urine and Overhydration
What organs play a vital role in fluid balance? -ANSW- Kidneys
What does GFR stand for? -ANSW- glomerular filtration rate
The rate at which the nephrons of the kidneys filter blood is called what? -ANSW-
glomerular filtration rate
What is the Normal GFR (glomerular filtration rate) per minute? -ANSW- 125 mL/min
What is the Normal GFR (glomerular filtration rate) per day? -ANSW- 180 L/day
What is the normal output of urine per day? -ANSW- 1-2 Liters/Day
Urine, feces, vomiting, and wound drainage is what type of fluid loss? -ANSW- Sensible
Perspiration and expiration are what type of fluid loss? -ANSW- Insensible
Is sensible fluid loss measurable or immeasurable? -ANSW- measurable
Is insensible fluid loss measurable or immeasurable? -ANSW- Immeasurable
Name the two fluid compartments -ANSW- Intracellular and extracellular
Name the type of fluid that contains large amounts of oxygen, carbon dioxide, glucose,
amino acids, fatty acids, sodium, calcium, chloride, and bicarbonate. -ANSW-
Extracellular
Name the fluid that makes up the largest component of the body and contributes from
50% - 80% of total body weight, depending on age, sex, and body fat. -ANSW- Water
What are the primary processes of passive transport that move substances through the
cell membranes? -ANSW- Diffusion, Osmosis, Filtration
The natural tendency of a substance to move from an area of higher to one of a lower
concentration is called what? -ANSW- Diffusion
, The movement of water across a semipermeable membrane, from an area or low
concentration to an area of high concentration. -ANSW- Osmosis
What type of solution has the same concentration of electrolytes as body fluids? -
ANSW- Isotonic
What type of solution has a higher concentration of electrolytes than body fluids? -
ANSW- Hypertonic
What type of solution has a lower concentration of electrolytes than body fluids? -
ANSW- Hypotonic
What type of solution pulls fluid from cells? -ANSW- Hypertonic
What type of solution expands the body's fluid volume without causing a fluid shift from
one compartment to another? -ANSW- Isotonic
What type of solution moves into the cells causing them to enlarge? -ANSW- Hypotonic
The transfer of water and dissolved substances from an area of higher pressure to an
area of lower pressure. -ANSW- Filtration
The passage of water and electrolytes from the arterial capillary bed to the interstitial
fluid is an example of what passive transport? -ANSW- Filtration
The shrinking and swelling of red blood cells with hypotonic or hypertonic extracellur
fluids is an example of what passive transport? -ANSW- Osmosis
Isotonic solutions cause the red blood cells to do what? -ANSW- Stay the same size
Hypertonic solutions cause the red blood cells to do what? -ANSW- Shrink
Hypotonic solutions cause the red blood cells to do what? -ANSW- Enlarge
The process of moving molecules against pressure through a membrane with the use of
"carriers" and energy from the cell -ANSW- Active Transport
Active transport carriers act like and are also referred to as what? -ANSW- Pumps
The sodium-potassium pump is an example of what type of transport? -ANSW- active
transport
Na+ -ANSW- Sodium
K+ -ANSW- Potassium
Covering Lectures 7 - 12 and Lab weeks 4 - 6
Name the process that keeps fluids in balance -ANSW- Homeostasis
Intake must equal output to maintain what? -ANSW- Homeostasis
Fluid intake is regulated by what mechanism? -ANSW- Thirst Mechanism
Name the receptors in the hypothalamus that measures the concentration of blood that
can signal the sensation of thirst. -ANSW- Osmoreceptors
What is the daily intake and output of water? -ANSW- 2500 mL
A condition in which the liquid portion of the blood (plasma) is too low. -ANSW-
Hypovolemia
A condition in which the liquid portion of the blood (plasma) is too high -ANSW-
Hypervolemia
Decreased blood pressure and an increased heart rate is a sign of what fluid
imbalance? -ANSW- Hypovolemia
High blood pressure, edema, skin weeping, and an increased heart rate are signs of
what fluid imbalance? -ANSW- Hypervolemia
Fluid within cells -ANSW- intracellular
Fluid outside cells -ANSW- extracellular
Fluid within blood vessels -ANSW- intravascular
Fluid in tissues (between cells or in body spaces) -ANSW- Interstitial
Plasma is an example of what type of fluid? -ANSW- Intravascular
Lymph, cerebrospinal fluid, intraocular fluid, gastrointestinal secretions, urine,
perspiration, and exudates are examples of what type of fluid? -ANSW- Interstitial
A substance that develops a electrical charge when it dissolves in water. -ANSW-
Electrolyte
1 liter of fluid equals how many kilograms? -ANSW- 1 kg
,1 liter of fluid equals how many pounds? -ANSW- 2.2 lbs
Urine specific gravity measures what? -ANSW- Urine concentration
A urine specific gravity MORE THAN 1.030 would indicate what two things? -ANSW-
Concentrated Urine and Dehydration
A urine specific gravity of LESS THAN 1.003 - 1.000 would indicate what two things? -
ANSW- Diluted Urine and Overhydration
What organs play a vital role in fluid balance? -ANSW- Kidneys
What does GFR stand for? -ANSW- glomerular filtration rate
The rate at which the nephrons of the kidneys filter blood is called what? -ANSW-
glomerular filtration rate
What is the Normal GFR (glomerular filtration rate) per minute? -ANSW- 125 mL/min
What is the Normal GFR (glomerular filtration rate) per day? -ANSW- 180 L/day
What is the normal output of urine per day? -ANSW- 1-2 Liters/Day
Urine, feces, vomiting, and wound drainage is what type of fluid loss? -ANSW- Sensible
Perspiration and expiration are what type of fluid loss? -ANSW- Insensible
Is sensible fluid loss measurable or immeasurable? -ANSW- measurable
Is insensible fluid loss measurable or immeasurable? -ANSW- Immeasurable
Name the two fluid compartments -ANSW- Intracellular and extracellular
Name the type of fluid that contains large amounts of oxygen, carbon dioxide, glucose,
amino acids, fatty acids, sodium, calcium, chloride, and bicarbonate. -ANSW-
Extracellular
Name the fluid that makes up the largest component of the body and contributes from
50% - 80% of total body weight, depending on age, sex, and body fat. -ANSW- Water
What are the primary processes of passive transport that move substances through the
cell membranes? -ANSW- Diffusion, Osmosis, Filtration
The natural tendency of a substance to move from an area of higher to one of a lower
concentration is called what? -ANSW- Diffusion
, The movement of water across a semipermeable membrane, from an area or low
concentration to an area of high concentration. -ANSW- Osmosis
What type of solution has the same concentration of electrolytes as body fluids? -
ANSW- Isotonic
What type of solution has a higher concentration of electrolytes than body fluids? -
ANSW- Hypertonic
What type of solution has a lower concentration of electrolytes than body fluids? -
ANSW- Hypotonic
What type of solution pulls fluid from cells? -ANSW- Hypertonic
What type of solution expands the body's fluid volume without causing a fluid shift from
one compartment to another? -ANSW- Isotonic
What type of solution moves into the cells causing them to enlarge? -ANSW- Hypotonic
The transfer of water and dissolved substances from an area of higher pressure to an
area of lower pressure. -ANSW- Filtration
The passage of water and electrolytes from the arterial capillary bed to the interstitial
fluid is an example of what passive transport? -ANSW- Filtration
The shrinking and swelling of red blood cells with hypotonic or hypertonic extracellur
fluids is an example of what passive transport? -ANSW- Osmosis
Isotonic solutions cause the red blood cells to do what? -ANSW- Stay the same size
Hypertonic solutions cause the red blood cells to do what? -ANSW- Shrink
Hypotonic solutions cause the red blood cells to do what? -ANSW- Enlarge
The process of moving molecules against pressure through a membrane with the use of
"carriers" and energy from the cell -ANSW- Active Transport
Active transport carriers act like and are also referred to as what? -ANSW- Pumps
The sodium-potassium pump is an example of what type of transport? -ANSW- active
transport
Na+ -ANSW- Sodium
K+ -ANSW- Potassium
