TISSUE ENGINEERING
Rajeshkumar M
1. Tissue Engineering – Basic Principle and considerations – 2.Bioreactor –
design and applications – 3. Biomaterials - Protein surface interaction – 4.
Protein adsorption – Engineering Biomaterials for tissue engineering – 10 to
100 micron size scale
The cellular approach principle is to use donor cells processed before implantation and either
seeded into the scaffold (cell-seeded scaffold approach) to encourage the growth or regeneration
of functional tissue, or used alone – the stem cell
Cells and tissue types in tissue engineering
,Various types of cells are used in tissue engineering that can be categorized in several ways. In
broad terms, technologies in tissue engineering make use of both fully differentiated as well as
progenitor cells at various stages of differentiation generally known as stem cells.
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells with the ability to divide in culture and give rise to different
forms of specialized cells.
According to their source, stem cells are divided into two main groups: “adult” and “embryonic”
stem cells.
Stem cell types
While adult stem cells are multipotent, embryonic stem cells are mostly pluripotent except of
cells in the earliest stages of embryonic development (fertilized egg) that are totipotent. Stem cell
niches where stem cells reside in an embryo or any given organ are defined as stem cell
microenvironments. The fate of stem cells depends on the effect of the microenvironment. Stem
cells – depending on the stimuli – have two main ways to replicate: either symmetrically
resulting in two daughter cells with stem cell characteristics or asymmetrically yielding a
daughter cell with stem and another daughter cell with differentiating cell characteristics.
, Types of stem cell replications I
With the increasing number of divisions, the proliferation capacity of stem cells is decreasing
favouring differentiated phenotypes.
Rajeshkumar M
1. Tissue Engineering – Basic Principle and considerations – 2.Bioreactor –
design and applications – 3. Biomaterials - Protein surface interaction – 4.
Protein adsorption – Engineering Biomaterials for tissue engineering – 10 to
100 micron size scale
The cellular approach principle is to use donor cells processed before implantation and either
seeded into the scaffold (cell-seeded scaffold approach) to encourage the growth or regeneration
of functional tissue, or used alone – the stem cell
Cells and tissue types in tissue engineering
,Various types of cells are used in tissue engineering that can be categorized in several ways. In
broad terms, technologies in tissue engineering make use of both fully differentiated as well as
progenitor cells at various stages of differentiation generally known as stem cells.
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells with the ability to divide in culture and give rise to different
forms of specialized cells.
According to their source, stem cells are divided into two main groups: “adult” and “embryonic”
stem cells.
Stem cell types
While adult stem cells are multipotent, embryonic stem cells are mostly pluripotent except of
cells in the earliest stages of embryonic development (fertilized egg) that are totipotent. Stem cell
niches where stem cells reside in an embryo or any given organ are defined as stem cell
microenvironments. The fate of stem cells depends on the effect of the microenvironment. Stem
cells – depending on the stimuli – have two main ways to replicate: either symmetrically
resulting in two daughter cells with stem cell characteristics or asymmetrically yielding a
daughter cell with stem and another daughter cell with differentiating cell characteristics.
, Types of stem cell replications I
With the increasing number of divisions, the proliferation capacity of stem cells is decreasing
favouring differentiated phenotypes.
