NBRC PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS WITH CERTIFIED
SOLUTIONS
Name the 4 life functions IN ORDER ✔✔1. Oxygenation - moving air in & out of the lungs
2. Ventilation - getting oxygen into the blood
3. Circulation - moving blood throughout the body
4. Perfusion - getting oxygen to the tissues/organs
Calculate number of pack years for this patient.
2 packs/day for 30 years. ✔✔50 pack years. (# of packs x # of years smoking)
What is an advanced directive? ✔✔Instructions documenting what treatment plan a patient
prefers in the case that they are unable to make their own medical decisions.
DEFINE DNR and DNI ✔✔DNR - Do Not Resuscitate
DNI - Do Not Intubate
What are the 5 Rights to administering medication? ✔✔1. Right patient
,2. Right medication
3. Right time
4. Right dose
5. Right route
What is the normal daily urine output? ✔✔40mL / hr.
Define orthopnea and platypnea. ✔✔Orthopnea - difficulty breathing when laying flat
Platypnea - difficulty breathing when standing upright
Define dysphagia ✔✔Difficulty swallowing.
What is peripheral edema, how is it rated? ✔✔Presence of excess fluid accumulating in the arms
/ legs / ankles.
Rated as +1 , +2, +3 (the higher the number, the more swelling there is)
What is ascites? How can it affect breathing? ✔✔Accumulation of fluid in the abdomen usually
caused by excessive alcohol consumption / liver failure.
,Too much fluid can cause increased pressure on the diaphragm restricting movement and
pushing fluid into the pleural spaces causing pleural effusions.
What is clubbing and what does it indicate? ✔✔Clubbing is abnormal enlargement and rounding
seen in the fingertips.
This indicates the patient has a condition causing chronic hypoxemia
What is jugular venous distention (JVD)? ✔✔Seen in patients heart / blood vessel condition such
as those with CHF or COPD patients during exhalation. Indicates a problem with the heart
properly pumping.
What can be understood about capillary refill? How can it be done? ✔✔Allows for adequate
peripheral circulation to become visible.
By blanching the hand (ex: Allen's Test) and watching for the color to return.
*LACK OF COLOR RETURN IN 3 SECONDS OR LESS INDICATES PROBLEM W/ THE
CIRCULATION.
Define Diaphoresis, what may it indicate? ✔✔State of profuse sweating.
, May indicate fever/infection, anxiety, difficulty breathing, TB/Bronchitis (will have NIGHT
sweats).
Identify issues relating to:
1. Pale / lack of color
2. Jaundice
3. Erythema
4. Cyanosis ✔✔1. Pale / lack of color - may be due to anemia, blood loss, vasoconstriction
(decreased blood flow)
2. Jaundice - indicates increased bilirubin in blood and tissue often caused by liver failure or an
infection. Commonly visible in the face/ eyes and trunk.
3. Erythema - redness/ flushing of the skin signaling capillary congestion, inflammation or
infection.
4. Cyanosis - blue discoloration of skin and mucous membranes (inside of mouth/nares) caused
by hypoxemia / reduced hemoglobin.
Define
1. Kyphosis
2. Scoliosis
ANSWERS WITH CERTIFIED
SOLUTIONS
Name the 4 life functions IN ORDER ✔✔1. Oxygenation - moving air in & out of the lungs
2. Ventilation - getting oxygen into the blood
3. Circulation - moving blood throughout the body
4. Perfusion - getting oxygen to the tissues/organs
Calculate number of pack years for this patient.
2 packs/day for 30 years. ✔✔50 pack years. (# of packs x # of years smoking)
What is an advanced directive? ✔✔Instructions documenting what treatment plan a patient
prefers in the case that they are unable to make their own medical decisions.
DEFINE DNR and DNI ✔✔DNR - Do Not Resuscitate
DNI - Do Not Intubate
What are the 5 Rights to administering medication? ✔✔1. Right patient
,2. Right medication
3. Right time
4. Right dose
5. Right route
What is the normal daily urine output? ✔✔40mL / hr.
Define orthopnea and platypnea. ✔✔Orthopnea - difficulty breathing when laying flat
Platypnea - difficulty breathing when standing upright
Define dysphagia ✔✔Difficulty swallowing.
What is peripheral edema, how is it rated? ✔✔Presence of excess fluid accumulating in the arms
/ legs / ankles.
Rated as +1 , +2, +3 (the higher the number, the more swelling there is)
What is ascites? How can it affect breathing? ✔✔Accumulation of fluid in the abdomen usually
caused by excessive alcohol consumption / liver failure.
,Too much fluid can cause increased pressure on the diaphragm restricting movement and
pushing fluid into the pleural spaces causing pleural effusions.
What is clubbing and what does it indicate? ✔✔Clubbing is abnormal enlargement and rounding
seen in the fingertips.
This indicates the patient has a condition causing chronic hypoxemia
What is jugular venous distention (JVD)? ✔✔Seen in patients heart / blood vessel condition such
as those with CHF or COPD patients during exhalation. Indicates a problem with the heart
properly pumping.
What can be understood about capillary refill? How can it be done? ✔✔Allows for adequate
peripheral circulation to become visible.
By blanching the hand (ex: Allen's Test) and watching for the color to return.
*LACK OF COLOR RETURN IN 3 SECONDS OR LESS INDICATES PROBLEM W/ THE
CIRCULATION.
Define Diaphoresis, what may it indicate? ✔✔State of profuse sweating.
, May indicate fever/infection, anxiety, difficulty breathing, TB/Bronchitis (will have NIGHT
sweats).
Identify issues relating to:
1. Pale / lack of color
2. Jaundice
3. Erythema
4. Cyanosis ✔✔1. Pale / lack of color - may be due to anemia, blood loss, vasoconstriction
(decreased blood flow)
2. Jaundice - indicates increased bilirubin in blood and tissue often caused by liver failure or an
infection. Commonly visible in the face/ eyes and trunk.
3. Erythema - redness/ flushing of the skin signaling capillary congestion, inflammation or
infection.
4. Cyanosis - blue discoloration of skin and mucous membranes (inside of mouth/nares) caused
by hypoxemia / reduced hemoglobin.
Define
1. Kyphosis
2. Scoliosis
