Sociology - Language Development
Monday, 29 May, 2017 10:09 AM
Language
A form of communication whether spoken, written or signed
Infinite Generativity
Ability to produce an endless number of meaningful sentences using finite set of words and rules
Babbling
Crying
Cooing (2-4 months)
Babbling (6 months)
Gestures are used by about 8 to 12 months
• Pointing, waving “bye-bye”
First words
• Children understand first words earlier than they speak them
• first word at 10–15 months
Overextension
tendency to apply a word to objects that are inappropriate for the word’s meaning
• a child refers to all animals as 'doggie' or refers to a lion as a 'kitty.'
Underextension
tendency to apply a word too narrowly
• when the child uses the word ball in reference to only their specific individual ball and not use it as a term for all balls
Holophrastic speech
expressing a complex of ideas in a single word or in a fixed phrase
Two-word utterances
occur at about 18–24 months
Telegraphic speech
use of short and precise words without grammatical markers
• get milk as opposed to saying milk
Recasting
rephrasing something the child has said
Expanding state
repeating what the child has said but in correct structure
Labelling
identifying the names of objects
Particular brain regions used for language
Broca’s area: language production
Wernicke’s area: language comprehension
Language Acquisition Device (LAD; Noam Chomsky)
• a biological endowment enables children to detect certain features and rules of language
Middle/Late Childhood
• Rapid increase in vocabulary and grammar skills
• Improved logical reasoning/analytical skills
• Metalinguistic Awareness: knowledge about language
Reading
Uni Page 1
Monday, 29 May, 2017 10:09 AM
Language
A form of communication whether spoken, written or signed
Infinite Generativity
Ability to produce an endless number of meaningful sentences using finite set of words and rules
Babbling
Crying
Cooing (2-4 months)
Babbling (6 months)
Gestures are used by about 8 to 12 months
• Pointing, waving “bye-bye”
First words
• Children understand first words earlier than they speak them
• first word at 10–15 months
Overextension
tendency to apply a word to objects that are inappropriate for the word’s meaning
• a child refers to all animals as 'doggie' or refers to a lion as a 'kitty.'
Underextension
tendency to apply a word too narrowly
• when the child uses the word ball in reference to only their specific individual ball and not use it as a term for all balls
Holophrastic speech
expressing a complex of ideas in a single word or in a fixed phrase
Two-word utterances
occur at about 18–24 months
Telegraphic speech
use of short and precise words without grammatical markers
• get milk as opposed to saying milk
Recasting
rephrasing something the child has said
Expanding state
repeating what the child has said but in correct structure
Labelling
identifying the names of objects
Particular brain regions used for language
Broca’s area: language production
Wernicke’s area: language comprehension
Language Acquisition Device (LAD; Noam Chomsky)
• a biological endowment enables children to detect certain features and rules of language
Middle/Late Childhood
• Rapid increase in vocabulary and grammar skills
• Improved logical reasoning/analytical skills
• Metalinguistic Awareness: knowledge about language
Reading
Uni Page 1
