CASAL II OA Exam Questions with All Correct Answers

CASAL II OA Exam Questions with All Correct Answers SA node - Answer-pacemaker, 60-100bpm,Depolarization R atria, p wave, AV node - Answer-Gatekeeper, intraseptal, Allows delay for blood so no back up, 40-60 bpm Bundle of His - Answer-Intraventricular, 40-60bpm, sends to purkinje fibers for ventricular depolarization L and R bundle branches - Answer-20-40bpm, Purkinje fibers - Answer-20-40bpm, ventricular depolarization (QRS) complex Preload - Answer-LVEDP determined by LVEDV Afterload - Answer-Vascular resistance Cardiac output = - Answer-heart rate x stroke volume Normal QRS complex - Answer-0.06-0.12 sec. (1.5-3 small boxes) P wave - Answer-atrial depolarization QRS complex - Answer-ventricular depolarization T wave - Answer-ventricular repolarization U wave - Answer-hypokalemia, depolarization purkinje fibers A Fib on EKG - Answer-1. P waves? No 2. P waves regular? U/A to determine 3. R waves regular? No irregular 4. How many R waves in 6 sec? 5. PR interval length? No, no p waves Saw tooth No p waves R waves irregular Stroke volume - Answer-the volume of blood pumped out by a ventricle with each heartbeat Cardiac output - Answer-Amount of blood pumped through body per min 3 things that affect stroke volume - Answer-preload, afterload, contractility What increases vascular resistance - Answer-pHTN (R️), vasoconstriction/HTN (L️), aortic stenosis (L ventricle) What can decrease afterload - Answer-Vasodilation Sympathomemetics/ adrenergic agonist - Answer-Dopamine ⬆️ BP & CO norepinephrine ⬆️ BP epinephrine ⬆️Bronchodilation beta 2 adrenergic agonist -inhaled for cold/asthma albuterol (short) solmedrol (long)