RD Exam - Domain II, MNT | 118 Questions and Answers 100% Verified

How do H₂ Blockers (Cimetidine, Rantidine) help w/ gastric ulcers? - Prevents binding of histamine to receptor; decreases acid secretion Diverticulosis - Presence of diverticula (mucosal sacs in intestinal wall) rx: High fiber diet Diverticulitis - When diverticula become inflamed rx: Clear liquids (Low residue diet or elemental), gradual return to high fiber Describe how to tell if someone has lactose intolerance using the lactose tolerance test - If lactose intolerant - blood glucose will not rise past 25 mg/dl above fasting (flat curve) If tolerant - glucose will rise above 25 mg/dL (normal curve) What should be avoided w/ lactose intolerance? What might be tolerated? - Avoid - animal milk/milk products May tolerate - yogurt & small amounts of aged cheese What should be restricted in children up to age 6 in order to prevent chronic, nonspecific infantile diarrhea - No more that 4 oz or apple/grape juice 2' high osmolar loads What type of small bowel resection is more dangerous? What are some consequences? - ileal resection - ileum normally absorbs B₁₂, Intrinsic factor, bile salts, and major portion of fluid -If bile salts are recycled, lipids can't be emulsified -- malabsoprtion of fat-soluble vitamins Nutritional Care for ileal resection - limit fat - use MCT oil (because it doesn't need bile salts for digestion) Parental B₁₂ initially followed by monthly injectionsWhat are the 4 liver enzymes and what is indicated if they are elevated? - ALP - Alkaline phosphatase LDH - lactic acid dehydrogenase AST - aspartate aminotransferase ALT - alanine aminotransferase Elevated liver enzymes indicates tissue damage Nutrition care for hepititis - Small, frequent feedings 2' anorexia High protein can help prevent fatty liver Describe how ascites occurs w/ liver disease - Connective tissue overgrowth blocks blood flow out of liver in to vena cava Fluid/blood builds up in liver, eventually leaking into peritoneal cavity High osmolar load pulls more fluid, leading to sodium & water retention What causes esophageal varicies? - Portal htn Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome - confusion/ams 2' thamine deficiency - typically seen in alcoholic cirrhosis