Marieb Essentials of Human Anatomy Physiology 10th test bank Chapter 3

Marieb Essentials of Human Anatomy Physiology 10th test bank Chapter 3 1) About how many cells constitute the body of an adult? A) 50 to 100 million B) 50 to 100 billion C) 50 to 100 trillion D) 50 to 100 quadrillion - ANSWER C 2) The body is made up of many different cell types, from small circular red blood cells to the elongated smooth muscle cells 20X its size. Why is there such variation in size and shape? A) Different cell sizes are due to nutritional differences. B) Different variations in size and shape allow differentiated cell types to perform unique functions. C) Variations in cell shape and size are due to chromosomal differences between cells. D) Cell size and shape does not vary among cell types. - ANSWER B 3) The three major parts of a cell are A) The endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and vesicles. B) The nucleus, nucleolus, and nuclear envelope. C) Microtubules, ribosomes, and centrosomes. D) The nucleus, cytoplasm, and cell membrane. - ANSWER D 4) A cell is surrounded by an extremely thin, flexible membrane. Why is the membrane selectively permeable? A) It allows all substances to pass through, making it easier to absorb nutrients. B) It allows all organic substances to pass through, but excludes all inorganic substances that could be harmful. C) It allows some substances to pass through and excludes others based on size, polarity, and other factors. D) It does not allow any substances to pass through as they could damage the cell. - ANSWER C 5) Cell membranes are described as a fluid mosaic that maintains stability while still allowing movement. What component maintains most of the flexibility of the membrane? A) Phospholipid bilayer B) Integral proteins C) Polysaccharides D) Carbohydrates - ANSWER A 6) The major components of the cell membrane are A) Lipids and carbohydrates. B) Proteins and carbohydrates. C) Lipids and proteins. D) Carbohydrates and polysaccharides. - ANSWER C 7) Which of the following correctly describes the structural organization of the cell membrane? A) A solid, rigid layer of phospholipid with loosely bound protein molecules B) A bilayer of phospholipid molecules in which protein molecules are embedded and can move C) Rigid layers of protein molecules in which carbohydrate molecules are suspended D) Three layers; lipid on the inside, protein in the middle, and carbohydrates (and polysaccharides) on the outside - ANSWER B 8) A protein that spans the cell membrane is termed a (n) A) Receptor protein. B) Integral protein. C) Peripheral protein. D) Anchoring protein. - ANSWER B 9) Cellular adhesion molecules are A) Peripheral proteins. B) Integral proteins. C) Lipids. D) Receptors. - ANSWER A 10) When you scrape your skin, white blood cells arrive to fight infection. To slow down near the site of the cut, they use selectin, which provides traction. Since selectin helps white blood cells bind to a surface, they are part of a protein group known as A) Cellular adhesion molecules. B) Integral proteins. C) Cellular binding molecules. D) Receptors. - ANSWER A 11) Endoplasmic reticulum is best described as a A) component of the cytoskeleton. B) Cellular inclusion. C) Nuclear pore. D) Network of interconnected membranes. - ANSWER D 12) Buildup of incorrectly folded proteins induces a stress response known as unknown protein response (UPR) that, when prolonged, has a high correlation with neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s. Which organelle is likely malfunctioning and allowing for the buildup? A) Mitochondrion B) Vesicles C) Nucleus D) Lysosome - ANSWER D