Marieb Essentials of Human Anatomy Physiology 10th test bank Chapter 2

Marieb Essentials of Human Anatomy Physiology 10th test bank Chapter 2 1) Matter is composed of elements, which are composed of ________. A) atoms B) Inorganic molecules C) Organic molecules D) Chemicals - ANSWER A 2) The atomic number of an atom equals the number of ________, and the atomic weight equals the ________. A) neutrons; number of protons B) Protons; weight of all the electrons C) Neutrons; number of protons plus electrons D) Protons; number of protons plus neutrons - ANSWER D 3) In a covalent bond A) One atom loses and another atom gains electrons. B) Atoms share a pair or more of electrons. C) Oppositely charged atoms attract. D) like-charged atoms repel. - ANSWER B 4) In an ionic bond A) Each atom gains electrons. B) Atoms share a pair or more of electrons. C) Oppositely charged atoms attract. D) like-charged atoms repel. - ANSWER C 5) Sodium ions and calcium ions are examples of A) Cations. B) Uncharged particles. C) Anions. D) Salts. - ANSWER A 6) When K+ and Cl- meet, they will A) Repel and form no product. B) Form KCl with an ionic bond. C) Form KCl with a covalent bond. D) Form individual molecules. - ANSWER B 7) When placed into water, the ionic compound NaCl will A) Bond more strongly to each other. B) Dissociate into Na+ and Cl- ions. C) Bond covalently with water molecules, forming HCl and NaOH. D) Decompose. - ANSWER B 8) Considering the number of valence electrons carbon has, what is the maximum number of hydrogen atoms a free carbon atom may bond with? A) 1 B) 2 C) 4 D) 8 - ANSWER C 9) Which of the following isotopes has the longest half-life? A) Iodine-131 B) Iron-59 C) Phosphorus-32 D) Cobalt-60 - ANSWER D 10) The ________ uses iodine in a synthesis reaction. A) Spleen B) Liver C) Thymus D) Thyroid gland - ANSWER D 11) The isotope most likely to be used to study the thyroid gland is A) iodine-131. B) iron-59. C) thallium-201. D) cobalt-60. - ANSWER A 12) Atomic radiation is useful for treating cancer because A) Radiation affects cancer cells but not normal cells. B) Radiation protects normal cells against the effects of cancer. C) Radiation harms cancer cells more readily than it does most non-cancer cells. D) Normal cells are not affected by radiation. - ANSWER C 13) Exposure to ionizing radiation may A) Cloud the lens of the eye. B) Cause cancer. C) Interfere with normal growth. D) All of the answer choices are correct. - ANSWER D 14) Which of the following is not a source of ionizing radiation? A) Cosmic rays from outer space B) Cholesterol and triglycerides C) Atomic and nuclear weapons D) Smoke detectors - ANSWER B 15) A computerized tomography (CT) scan differs from a conventional X-ray image because it is A) Two-dimensional. B) Three-dimensional. C) Four-dimensional. D) Safer. - ANSWER B 16) Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging follows the emission of A) Positrons. B) Electrons. C) Neutrons. D) Protons. - ANSWER A 17) Chemistry deals with A) The composition of and changes to substances that make up living as well as non-living matter. B) The composition of and changes to substances found in organisms only. C) The composition of and changes to substances that make up non-living matter only. D) The location of organs in body cavities. - ANSWER A 18) Chemistry is important to the study of physiology because A) the foods that we eat are chemicals. B) body functions depend on cellular functions that reflect chemical changes. C) chemical reactions enable our bodies to extract energy from nutrients. D) All of the answer choices are correct. - ANSWER D 19) Which of the following substances is an element? A) Iron B) Water C) Sodium chloride D) Glucose - ANSWER A 20) Which of the following groups of elements accounts for more than 95% of the human body by weight? A) Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen B) Calcium, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen C) Carbon, phosphorus, oxygen, hydrogen D) Calcium, phosphorus, hydrogen, nitrogen - ANSWER A 21) The atoms of different elements have A) the same atomic number and same atomic weight. B) the same atomic number but different atomic weights. C) different atomic numbers. D) different atomic numbers but the same number of electrons. - ANSWER C 22) Isotopes of an element have