lOMoAR cPSD| 17706574
MIC202 Exam 1 - Comprehensive study guide
for microbiology (MIC205), ASU
Microbiology 2023|2024 Latest Update| Graded
A+
Introduction to Microbiology
• Know what the Spontaneous Generation Debate was, which scientists played a
part, and how each contributed to settling the debate. Who finally disproved it? How?
Why didn9t the other experiments prove/disprove spontaneous generation?
Spontaneous Generation is the theory that life can generate from non-
livingsources. Scientists that played a part were:
● Francesco Redi, the father of parasitology: set up the experiment to
disprovespontaneous generation
● Robert Hooke: British scientist who observed microorganisms for
the firsttime with a microscope and coined the term <cell= when
describing them
● Anton van Leeuwenhoek: Dutch scientist who rekindled the
spontaneous generation debate after discovering microbes in
collected rainwater after afew days
● John Needham: English biologist who conducted an experiment that
<proved= spontaneous generation, but only because the tube was not
sealedproperly and it was unknown that bacterial spores cannot be
killed by boiling water (if there were any...not all bacteria produce
spores)
● Lazzaro Spallanzani: Italian physiologist who disproved spontaneous
generation by recreating John Needham’s experiment, except that he
madesure that the sample was NOT exposed to air
● Louis Pasteur: His swan-necked flask experiment proved that bacteria
were being carried by particles in the air (dust came in contact with
the infusion,then microbes appeared)
○ Final nail in the coffin that disproved spontaneous generation
• Understand the Germ Theory of Disease, what steps were taken (or proposed)
early on to prevent infections?
,
, lOMoAR cPSD| 17706574
● Louis Pasteur: French chemist/microbiologist who developed the anthrax
and rabies vaccine (since there was no FDA, he tried the rabies vaccine on 11
dogs and then a 9 year old). He also developed pasteurization to prevent
spoilage of foods, such as beer, wine, and milk, by bacteria. (Pasteurization
kills 99.6% of bacteria. The rest will multiply until...yeah.)
○ He conducted formal experiments on the relationship between germs
and disease and was the one who defined <Germ Theory.=
● Ignaz Semmelweis: Hungarian physician who was the first to recognize the
need for good hygiene during medical procedures. He also was the first to
identify nosocomial infections (i. that travel in the hospital due to…)
○ Med students working with cadavers also worked in deliveries so 18%
of women giving birth died of puerperal fever (caused by unsanitary
conditions). When Semmelweis instituted hand washing among med
MIC202 Exam 1 - Comprehensive study guide
for microbiology (MIC205), ASU
Microbiology 2023|2024 Latest Update| Graded
A+
Introduction to Microbiology
• Know what the Spontaneous Generation Debate was, which scientists played a
part, and how each contributed to settling the debate. Who finally disproved it? How?
Why didn9t the other experiments prove/disprove spontaneous generation?
Spontaneous Generation is the theory that life can generate from non-
livingsources. Scientists that played a part were:
● Francesco Redi, the father of parasitology: set up the experiment to
disprovespontaneous generation
● Robert Hooke: British scientist who observed microorganisms for
the firsttime with a microscope and coined the term <cell= when
describing them
● Anton van Leeuwenhoek: Dutch scientist who rekindled the
spontaneous generation debate after discovering microbes in
collected rainwater after afew days
● John Needham: English biologist who conducted an experiment that
<proved= spontaneous generation, but only because the tube was not
sealedproperly and it was unknown that bacterial spores cannot be
killed by boiling water (if there were any...not all bacteria produce
spores)
● Lazzaro Spallanzani: Italian physiologist who disproved spontaneous
generation by recreating John Needham’s experiment, except that he
madesure that the sample was NOT exposed to air
● Louis Pasteur: His swan-necked flask experiment proved that bacteria
were being carried by particles in the air (dust came in contact with
the infusion,then microbes appeared)
○ Final nail in the coffin that disproved spontaneous generation
• Understand the Germ Theory of Disease, what steps were taken (or proposed)
early on to prevent infections?
,
, lOMoAR cPSD| 17706574
● Louis Pasteur: French chemist/microbiologist who developed the anthrax
and rabies vaccine (since there was no FDA, he tried the rabies vaccine on 11
dogs and then a 9 year old). He also developed pasteurization to prevent
spoilage of foods, such as beer, wine, and milk, by bacteria. (Pasteurization
kills 99.6% of bacteria. The rest will multiply until...yeah.)
○ He conducted formal experiments on the relationship between germs
and disease and was the one who defined <Germ Theory.=
● Ignaz Semmelweis: Hungarian physician who was the first to recognize the
need for good hygiene during medical procedures. He also was the first to
identify nosocomial infections (i. that travel in the hospital due to…)
○ Med students working with cadavers also worked in deliveries so 18%
of women giving birth died of puerperal fever (caused by unsanitary
conditions). When Semmelweis instituted hand washing among med
