CPO Study Guide With Correct Answers (2023/2024)

Optometrist - Answer State-licensed independent primary health care provider Eye health & vision exams, diagnosis & treatment of eye disease & vision disorders, detection of general health problems, prescribing glasses & contacts, low vision rehab & therapy, medications, and counseling patients on surgical options Ophthalmologist - Answer Physician that specializes in the medical and surgical care of the eye and visual system and in the treatment of eye disease and injury Optician - Answer Prepares and dispenses eyeglasses, lenses, or related optical devices upon prescription. Duplicates, measures, verifies, adapts fit, and adjusts eyeglasses to face. Can grind lenses Ophthalmic Medical Personnel - Answer Work with ophthalmologists- collect patient data, administer tests, take eye measurements. Does not make surgical or medical diagnoses- not licensed. Paraoptometric - Answer Works under direct supervision of a licensed doctor of optometry. Collects patient data, administers tests, and assists in office management. May assist with patient care examinations in contact lens, low vision, vision therapy, dispensing, and office management. Anterior Chamber - Answer Area inside the eye, behind the cornea, and in front of the iris. This area is filled with clear, watery fluid called aqueous humor Aqueous Humor - Answer Clear, watery fluid produced by the ciliary body. It fills the front part of the posterior chamber and the entire anterior chamber. Provides nutrients for the lens and posterior cornea and carries away waste products. It is also responsible for maintaining the intraocular pressure Choroid - Answer Consists primarily of blood vessels that nourish the retina so that it can continue to function. Sandwiched between the sclera and the retina Ciliary Muscle - Answer Muscle inside of the eyeball that alters the shape of the crystalline lens. Has direct control over the focusing ability of the eye. Conjunctiva - Answer Clear, cellophane-like tissue that covers the sclera and the inside surface of the eyelids. Palpebral Conjunctiva - Answer Lines the lids Bulbar Conjunctiva - Answer Covers the sclera Accommodation - Answer The focusing ability of the eye (lens & ciliary muscle) Cornea - Answer Clear, transparent tissue that is located on the vert front portion of the eye. Most power refractive media of the eye- provides most of the ability to focus light. Curvature somewhat greater than the rest of the orb- slight furrow where it joins sclera (limbus) Cornea is avascular 5 Layers of the Cornea - Answer From front to back: Epithelium Bowman's Layer Stroma Descemet's Membrane Endothelium Crystalline Lens - Answer Resiliant, transparent structure in the eyeProvides focusing power to the eye. Allows adjustment of the ye to focus from distance objects to near objects. Second most powerful refractive medium Extraocular Muscles - Answer 6 muscles attached to the sclera from the bones surround the eye that aim the eyes in the direction we look Medial Rectus - Answer Most powerful- only action is to turn the eye toward the nose (adduction) Inferior Rectus - Answer Primary action is to turn the eye downward (depression) Also adducts the eye. Can rotate the top of the eye toward the temple and the bottom of the eye toward the nose Lateral Rectus - Answer Only action is to move the eye away from the nose (abduction) Superior Rectus - Answer Primary action is to move the eye upward (elevation) Also abducts the eye. Can rotate the top of the eye toward the nose and the bottom of the eye toward the temple (intorsion) Superior Oblique - Answer Primary action is depression. It is also responsible for abduction and intorsion Inferior Oblique - Answer Origin is at the front of the orbit. Primary action is elevation. Also responsible for adduction and extorsion