NR 226 Exam 1 - Review Questions And Answers All Verified

NR 226 Exam 1 - Review Questions And Answers All Verified While assessing a patient, the nurse observes that the patient's intravenous (IV) line is not infusing at the ordered rate. The nurse assesses the patient for pain at the IV site, checks the flow regulator on the tubing, looks to see if the patient is lying on the tubing, checks the point of connection between the tubing and the IV catheter, and then checks the condition of the site where the intravenous catheter enters the patient's skin. After the nurse readjusts the flow rate, the infusion begins at the correct rate. This is an example of: A. Inference. B. Diagnostic reasoning. C. Competency. D. Problem solving. - ANS D. Problem solving -This is an example of problem solving. The nurse collects information and tries options until she is able to find a solution to the slowed infusion rate. The focus is on solving the problem with the patient's IV and not on solving the patient's health problem; thus this is not the diagnostic reasoning process. The nurse sits down to talk with a patient who lost her sister 2 weeks ago. The patient reports she is unable to sleep, feels very fatigued during the day, and is having trouble at work. The nurse asks her to clarify the type of trouble. The patient explains she can't concentrate or even solve simple problems. The nurse records the results of the assessment, describing the patient as having ineffective coping. This is an example of: A. Diagnostic reasoning. B. Competency. C. Inference. D. Problem solving. - ANS A. Diagnostic reasoning -In this example the nurse collects information about the patient, sees patterns in the data collected, and makes a nursing diagnosis. This is an example of the diagnostic process. A nurse has worked on an oncology unit for 3 years. One patient has become visibly weaker and states, "I feel funny." The nurse knows how patients often have behavior changes before developing sepsis when they have cancer. The nurse asks the patient questions to assess thinking skills and notices the patient shivering. The nurse goes to the phone, calls the physician, and begins the conversation by saying, "I believe that your patient is developing sepsis. I want to report symptoms I'm seeing." What examples of critical thinking concepts does the nurse show? (Select all that apply.) A. Experience B. Ethical C. Analyticity D. Self-confidence E. Risk taking - ANS C & D. -Among critical thinking concepts, the nurse shows analyticity (analyzing information, gathering additional findings, and sensing a problem), and self-confidence (calling the physician, which shows trust in his own reasoning). The nurse's experience would have influenced the familiarity of patient symptoms, but in this text experience is considered a component of the critical thinking model and not a concept. Acting ethically is a critical thinking standard. .A nurse who is working on a surgical unit is caring for four different patients. Patient A will be discharged home and is in need of instruction about wound care. Patients B and C have returned from the operating room within an hour of each other, and both require vital signs and monitoring of their intravenous (IV) lines. Patient D is resting following a visit by physical therapy. Which of the following activities by the nurse represent(s) use of clinical decision making for groups of patients? (Select all that apply.) A. Consider how to involve patient A in deciding whether to involve the family caregiver in wound care instruction. B. Think about past experience with patients who develop postoperative complications. C. Decide which activities can be combined for patients B and C. D. Carefully gather any assessment information and identify patient problems. - ANS A & C -Considering how to involve patients in decisions and how to combine nursing activities to be more organized and allow for resolving more than one problem at a time are examples of clinical decision making for groups of patients. Thinking about past experience with patients is an example of reflection, an approach to strengthen critical thinking skills. Gathering assessment information is part of the process of diagnostic reasoning, which should be applied to each patient.