Cell Biology Exam 1 study set
Classes of Prokaryotes -: Archaea, Eubacteria
Have call wall with PTG, periplasm, plasma membrane (in gram -), 1 chromosome
(nucleoid), cytosol and no intracellular organelles. Reproduces by binary fission -:
prokaryotes
Classes of Eukaryotes -: Animals, plants, protists, fungi
Have golgi apparatus, mitochondria, endocytic vesicles, endoplasmic reticulum, plasma
membrane, a nucleus and membrane bound intracellular organelles. -: Eukaryotes
Basic unit of life -: cell
proteins, nucleic acids, carbs, lipids all combined make up ___ -: ATP
Monomeric building block of proteins -: amino acids
Monomeric building blocks of nucleic acids -: DNA, RNA
Not living because incapable of carrying out metabolic processes (outside of host cell)
-: viruses
Capsid, nucleic acid, and spike proteins make up ____ -: viruses
interact with receptors on host cells -: spike proteins
binding of 2 molecules, which involves fitting together of 3D shapes (hand in glove, key
in lock) one molecule is ligand, other is receptor -: complementarity
equal sharing, uniform distribution of charge, electronegativity pulls towards center of
atom -: nonpolar
water loving, can interact with H bonding in water, water can't be a good solvent for
these ex. long chain fatty acids -: hydrophobic
strongest, takes lots of energy to make or break -: covalent bond
weakest, don't require much energy to break/make -: hydrogen bond
, how many Kcal/mol to break covalent bond -: 84
how many Kcal/mol to break hydrogen bond -: 1.5
highly electronegative atoms, produce dipole moment -: O,N,P,S
cations are attracted to ___ (_ charge) -: cathodes, -
anions are attracted to ___ (_charge) -: anodes, +
hyrophilic and hydrophobic region -: amphipathic
proteins, carbs and nucleic acids are ____, all formed by special building blocks -:
macromolecules
bonds between proteins -: peptide
bonds between nucleic acid -: phosphodiester
bonds between carbs (polysaccharides) -: glycosidic
is equilibrium influenced by initial concentration of the rxn? -: no
fitness of one molecule for another. The higher, the better 2 molecules fit together. One
molecule called a ligand, the other a receptor -: affinity
as Kp increases, affinity for ligand receptor ____ -: decreases
Kp=10^-9 -: high affinity
Kp=10^-6 -: moderate affinity
Kp=10^-3 -: poor affinity
For efficient reactions in the cytoplasm the pH needs to be between -: 7.2-7.4
Molecule with uncharged Carbon -: Zwitterion
capacity to do work -: energy
2 types of energy -: kinetic, potential
important bonds generated in cells able to capture energy from the sun in photons the
translate it to chemical energy -: C-C, C-H
Classes of Prokaryotes -: Archaea, Eubacteria
Have call wall with PTG, periplasm, plasma membrane (in gram -), 1 chromosome
(nucleoid), cytosol and no intracellular organelles. Reproduces by binary fission -:
prokaryotes
Classes of Eukaryotes -: Animals, plants, protists, fungi
Have golgi apparatus, mitochondria, endocytic vesicles, endoplasmic reticulum, plasma
membrane, a nucleus and membrane bound intracellular organelles. -: Eukaryotes
Basic unit of life -: cell
proteins, nucleic acids, carbs, lipids all combined make up ___ -: ATP
Monomeric building block of proteins -: amino acids
Monomeric building blocks of nucleic acids -: DNA, RNA
Not living because incapable of carrying out metabolic processes (outside of host cell)
-: viruses
Capsid, nucleic acid, and spike proteins make up ____ -: viruses
interact with receptors on host cells -: spike proteins
binding of 2 molecules, which involves fitting together of 3D shapes (hand in glove, key
in lock) one molecule is ligand, other is receptor -: complementarity
equal sharing, uniform distribution of charge, electronegativity pulls towards center of
atom -: nonpolar
water loving, can interact with H bonding in water, water can't be a good solvent for
these ex. long chain fatty acids -: hydrophobic
strongest, takes lots of energy to make or break -: covalent bond
weakest, don't require much energy to break/make -: hydrogen bond
, how many Kcal/mol to break covalent bond -: 84
how many Kcal/mol to break hydrogen bond -: 1.5
highly electronegative atoms, produce dipole moment -: O,N,P,S
cations are attracted to ___ (_ charge) -: cathodes, -
anions are attracted to ___ (_charge) -: anodes, +
hyrophilic and hydrophobic region -: amphipathic
proteins, carbs and nucleic acids are ____, all formed by special building blocks -:
macromolecules
bonds between proteins -: peptide
bonds between nucleic acid -: phosphodiester
bonds between carbs (polysaccharides) -: glycosidic
is equilibrium influenced by initial concentration of the rxn? -: no
fitness of one molecule for another. The higher, the better 2 molecules fit together. One
molecule called a ligand, the other a receptor -: affinity
as Kp increases, affinity for ligand receptor ____ -: decreases
Kp=10^-9 -: high affinity
Kp=10^-6 -: moderate affinity
Kp=10^-3 -: poor affinity
For efficient reactions in the cytoplasm the pH needs to be between -: 7.2-7.4
Molecule with uncharged Carbon -: Zwitterion
capacity to do work -: energy
2 types of energy -: kinetic, potential
important bonds generated in cells able to capture energy from the sun in photons the
translate it to chemical energy -: C-C, C-H
